综合医院护士灾害救护准备能力的现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.13.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查综合医院临床护士的灾害救护准备能力，并分析护士灾害救护准备能力的影响因素，为开展针对性的培训提供指导。方法 2022年8月—9月，采用便利抽样法，以国内7大行政区域为中心，每个区域内选取2~3所三级综合医院，使用一般资料调查问卷和战备能力评估量表对临床护士进行调查。结果共回收有效问卷1 048份，临床护士灾害救护准备能力总分为（118.71±29.17）分，条目均分为（3.21±0.79）分。量表6个维度中条目均分最低的是灾害护理能力维度，为（2.64±1.04）分。护士的工作年限、学历、突发公共卫生事件批量伤员救治经历、完成多样化任务的信心及常态化的急救能力训练是临床护士灾害救护准备能力的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论护士灾害救护准备能力处于中等准备水平，灾害护理能力有待提高，护理管理者应重视护士灾害救护准备能力的培训，建立评估、分层培训与考核机制，持续提高护士应对突发事件的综合能力。

关键词: 临床护士, 灾害救护准备能力, 灾害认同感, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective The current situation of disaster preparedness ability of clinical nurses in general hospitals was investigated and analyzed，and the possible factors affecting the disaster preparedness ability of nurses were discussed，so as to provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted training to improve the disaster preparedness ability of nurses and guiding the dispatch of disaster rescue nurses. Methods From August to September 2022，with convenience sampling method and general information questionnaire and Readiness Estimate and Deploy Ability Index，clinical nurses from 2 to 3 tertiary general hospitals in each region were selected to conduct questionnaire survey. Results A total of 1 048 valid questionnaires were collected，and the total score of clinical nurses’ disaster preparedness ability was （118.71±29.17） scores，and the average score of each item was（3.21±0.79） scores. The scores of the items of identity were generally higher than those of the items of disaster rescue ability. Among the 6 dimensions of the scale，disaster care ability scored the lowest，with only（2.64±1.04） points. Nurses’ working years，educational background，batch treatment experience，confidence in completing diversified tasks and the unit’s normal first-aid training mechanism were the possible factors influencing clinical nurses’ disaster preparedness ability（P<0.05）. Conclusion In this study，nurses’ disaster preparedness ability was at a medium level，and the scores of various dimensions and items of disaster preparedness ability were significantly different. Affected by various factors，nursing managers should attach importance to the training of nurses’ disaster preparedness ability，establish an evaluation，hierarchical training and assessment mechanism，and continuously improve nurses’ comprehensive ability to deal with emergencies.

Key words: Clinical Nurses, Disaster Preparedness Ability, Disaster Identity, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

任丽芳, 李樱子, 樊晓奇, 王建晶, 张巧巧, 徐文娟, 刘朵, 杨群芳, 谢红珍. 综合医院护士灾害救护准备能力的现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(13): 1623-1628.

REN Lifang, LI Yingzi, FAN Xiaoqi, WANG Jianjing, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, XU Wenjuan, LIU Duo, YANG Qunfang, XIE Hongzhen. Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of clinical nurses’ disaster preparedness ability[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(13): 1623-1628.

图/表 5

表1 护士灾害救护准备能力的单因素分析结果（n=1 048）

Table 1 Results of univariate analysis of nurses’ general information and disaster preparedness scores（n=1 048）

表2 护士灾害救护准备能力得分情况（n=1 048）

Table 2 Readiness estimate and deploy ability index score of nurses（n=1 048）

表3 护士灾害救护准备能力得分排名前五名和后五名的条目（n=1 048）

Table 3 The top five and bottom five entries for readiness estimate and deploy ability index score of nurses（n=1 048）

表4 自变量赋值

Table 4 Lists of score assignment of independent variables

表5 护士灾害救护准备能力影响因素多元线性逐步回归

Table 5 Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis of factors influencing nurses’ disaster preparedness ability（n=1 048）

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