临床护士自我关怀现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.13.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨国内临床护士自我关怀现状，分析不同类别护士自我关怀潜在特征差异，为制订针对性的自我关怀干预方案提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样法，于2022年3月选取临床一线3 779名护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、自我关怀量表、接纳与行动问卷、认知融合问卷进行调查，以自我关怀量表对护士自我关怀特征进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析、Logistic回归分析对护士自我关怀特征差异性进行检验。结果共纳入3 579名护士，护士自我关怀特征可分为3个类别：自我关怀不均衡组（15.90%）、自我关怀高偏下组（25.12%）、自我关怀中等组（58.98%）。自我关怀中等组与自我关怀高偏下组比较，家庭关系和谐程度越好（OR=0.812，P=0.004）、体育锻炼频率越多（OR=0.817，P<0.001）、睡眠质量越好（OR=0.751，P<0.001）和参加自我关怀培训次数越多（OR=0.874，P=0.019）的护士归入自我关怀高偏下组的概率越高，而接纳与行动问卷得分（OR=1.077，P<0.001）及认知融合问卷得分（OR=1.020，P=0.013）越高归到自我关怀中等组的概率越高；自我关怀不均衡组与自我关怀高偏下组比较，睡眠质量越好（OR=0.777，P<0.001）归入自我关怀高偏下组的概率越高，而接纳与行动问卷得分（OR=1.070，P<0.001）越高归入到自我关怀不均衡组的概率越高。结论临床护士自我关怀水平可分为3类，护理管理者可根据不同类型临床护士的心理特征，采取精准化的心理干预措施提高护士的自我关怀水平，进而促进护士群体的心理健康。

关键词: 护士, 自我关怀, 心理灵活性, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of the self-compassion of clinical nurses，and to identify the potential characteristics of different types of nurses’ self-compassion and the relationship with psychological flexibility，so as to provide a reference for the development targeted psychological intervention programs for different types of clinical nurses. Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 3 779 front-line clinical nurses in China in March 2022 as the survey objects. A general data questionnaire，self-compassion scale，Acceptance and Action Questionnaire（2nd edition），and cognitive integration questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. Potential profile analysis of nurses’ self-compassion characteristics was conducted by the self-compassion scale. The relationship between self-compassion characteristics and the psychological flexibility of nurses was discussed by one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 3 579 nurses were included. The characteristics of nurses’ self-compassion could be divided into 3 categories，including the unbalanced self-compassion group（15.90%），the lower high self-compassion group（25.12%），and the medium self-compassion ability group（58.98%）. Compared of the high self-compassion group and the medium self-compassion group，nurses who had more harmonious family relationship（OR=0.812，P=0.004），higher frequency of physical exercise（OR=0.817，P<0.001），better sleep quality（OR=0.751，P<0.001） and higher frequency of participating self-compassion training（OR=0.874，P=0.019） were more likely to be classified into the high self-compassion group，while nurses with high experiential avoidance（OR=1.077，P<0.001） and cognitive integration（OR=1.020，P=0.013） were more likely to be classified into the medium self-compassion group. Compared of the imbalance group and the lower high self-compassion group，nurses who had better sleep quality（OR=0.777，P<0.001） were more likely to be classified into the high self-compassion group，while nurses who had higher experiential avoidance（OR=1.070，P<0.001） were more likely to be classified into the imbalance group. Conclusion The self-compassion of clinical nurses can be divided into 3 categories. Nursing managers can take precise psychological interventions to improve nurses’ self-compassion ability according to the psychological characteristics of different types of nursing staff，so as to promote the overall mental health of clinical nurses.

Key words: Nurses, Self-Compassion, Psychological Flexibility, Latent Profile Analysis, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

常红娟, 解梦瑶, 陈静, 陶明芬, 张全英, 刘瑞, 李秀敏. 临床护士自我关怀现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(13): 1615-1622.

CHANG Hongjuan, XIE Mengyao, CHEN Jing, TAO Mingfen, ZHANG Quanying, LIU Rui, LI Xiumin. Current situation and potential profile analysis of self-compassion behavior of clinical nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(13): 1615-1622.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料和自我关怀3个潜在剖面的单因素分析

Table 1 Univariate analysis of 3 potential profiles of survey respondents’ general information and self-compassion

表2 护士自我关怀的潜在剖面模型拟合信息汇总表

Table 2 Summary of potential profile model fitting information for nurse self-compassion

图1 护士自我同情量表6个维度上3个潜在类别的概率分布注：负向维度为反向计分，包括自我评判、孤立感、过度沉迷。

Figure 1 Probability distribution of 3 potential categories on the 6 dimensions of the self-compassion scale for nurses

表3 护士自我关怀3个潜在剖面多因素Logistic回归

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression of 3 latent profiles in self-compassion of nurses

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