Objective To investigate the demand of specialty nurses in China for retraining，and to provide references for the continuous development of specialty nurses. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to survey specialty nurses from all 31 provinces in May-June 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was used as an electronic questionnaire. Results A total of 61，562 valid questionnaires were collected，with 70.0% of specialty nurses believing that it is “very necessary” or “necessary” to carry out retraining for specialty nurses，and 68.4% being “very willing” or “willing” to participate in further training；64.6% chose a five-year cycle for retraining；and 66.5% chose online learning as their preferred mode of learning. In terms of content and evaluation methods for retraining，the top 3 in the retraining content were specialized knowledge（88.9%），clinical practice（74.3%），and nursing research（59.5%）. The top 3 in retraining evaluation were specialized knowledge（87.5%），clinical practice ability（72.2%），and teaching guidance ability（44.3%）. Conclusion It is feasible and necessary to carry out the retraining for specialty nurses. It is suggested that the training institutions should carry out the retraining in time according to the characteristics of each specialty and the wishes of specialty nurses，so as to promote the knowledge update and ability maintenance of specialty nurses.

Objective To gain an in-depth understanding of the construction and use of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams in tertiary general hospitals in China，and to provide a reference for the development and standardized management of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey tertiary general hospitals across the country in November 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire on the current status of the intravenous therapy specialist nurse teams. Results A total of 1，097 questionnaires were collected，of which 958 were valid，with a response rate of 87.33%. The survey results showed that there were 15，249 intravenous therapy specialist nurses in 958 tertiary general hospitals. These nurses generally had a bachelor’s degree（13 346，87.52%） and most had more than 10 years of work experience（10 294，67.51%）. Their main tasks included PICC and PORT placement and maintenance. In terms of the management of intravenous therapy specialist nurses，68.37% of hospitals had an open and transparent selection method，and 73.17% of hospitals implemented regular assessments，and 68.79% of hospitals provided retraining opportunities. The certification of intravenous therapy specialist nurses was mostly undertaken by provincial and municipal nursing associations，and the appointment method was the appointment system. In terms of remuneration，67.22% of hospitals reimbursed all training costs，but 47.60% of hospitals had no change in remuneration before and after training. In addition，79.33% of hospitals had intravenous therapy specialist nursing clinics. Intravenous therapy specialist nurses mainly worked throughout the hospital，mostly independently on a part-time basis，and the main charges were treatment costs and material costs. Conclusion The team of intravenous therapy nurses in tertiary general hospitals in China is large in size and has a high level of education. However，hospitals and management departments still need to pay more attention and support to the expansion of the work content，training，assessment，retraining and salary guarantee of intravenous therapy nurses in order to further strengthen the construction of intravenous therapy nurses and promote their sustainable development.

Objective To construct an evaluation index system of core competence of assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses，and to conduct preliminary validation，so as to provide reference standards for the training and evaluation of assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses. Methods Based on the core competence of specialist nurses of the International Council of Nurses and the Hamric Advanced Practice Nurse competence framework as the theoretical framework，through literature research and research group discussion，the core competence index of specialist nurses in assisted reproductive technology was preliminarily established. A total of 23 experts were consulted with 2 rounds of Delphi method to complete index and determine weight coefficients in April 2024. In August 2024，50 assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses from 18 provinces and cities across the country were selected to conduct a satisfaction survey on the evaluation index system，in order to preliminarily verify the application effect of indicators. Results The questionnaire recovery rates for 2 rounds of expert consultations were both 100%，and the expert authority coefficients were both 0.943. The coefficient of variation was 0~0.287 and 0~0.236，and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.241~0.337 and 0.250~0.431，respectively. The final evaluation index of core competence of assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses included 6 first-level indicators，20 second-level indicators and 57 third-level indicators. Assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses were satisfied with the evaluation index system of core competence，with a score of （18.26±2.52）. Conclusion The evaluation index system of core competence of assisted reproductive technology specialist nurses is practical，with comprehensive content and outstanding professional characteristics.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of job crafting between career capital and work engagement among emergency specialist nurses from the perspective of job demand-resource theory，so as to provide a basis for training high-quality specialist nurses and improving their work engagement level. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 035 emergency specialist nurses in 63 hospitals in China from February to April 2023 by quota sampling. They were investigated with general information questionnaire，work engagement scale，career capital scale and job crafting scale. The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of emergency specialist nurses’ job crafting between career capital and work engagement. Results 963 nurses participated in the survey. The total scores of work engagement scale，career capital scale，job crafting scale were 48.50±12.36 points，56.37±7.72 points，91.18±10.96 points，which were all above the medium level. Career capital has a positive effect on work engagement（β=0.54，P<0.001），and job crafting has a positive effect on work engagement（β=0.24，P<0.001）. Emergency specialist nurses’ job crafting had an indirect effect on career capital and work engagement（effect value 0.19），accounting for 26.23% of the total effect. Conclusion Emergency specialist nurses’ job crafting is a mediator between career capital and work engagement. Nursing managers should pay attention to the career capital accumulation of emergency specialist nurses in the process of specialty training，and explore ways to produce positive job crafting behavior，thus further improving the work engagement level.

Objective To explore the application effect of bedside sitting activity combined with staged breathing training on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） complicated with respiratory failure，and to provide references for nurses to carry out pulmonary rehabilitation therapy. Methods A total of 120 COPD patients with respiratory failure in a tertiary A hospital of Beijing City were selected from May 2021 to December 2023 as the study subjects. The study subjects were divided into an experimental group and a control group（each n=60） by the random number table method. The experimental group received bedside sitting activity combined with staged breathing training on the basis of routine lung rehabilitation nursing，while the control group was given routine lung rehabilitation nursing. After intervention，the blood gas indicators，lung function respiratory capacity，exercise capacity，and quality of life were compared between groups after intervention. Results After intervention，the arterial partial blood oxygen saturation and arterial partial pressure of oxygen in the experimental group were better than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The experimental group had higher maximum ventilatory volume，forced expiratory volume in the first second and vital capacity than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After intervention，the lung function respiratory capacity and quality of life in the experimental group were better compared with those in the control group（P<0.05）. The exercise capacity of the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Bedside sitting activity combined with staged breathing training can effectively improve lung function and enhance exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with COPD and respiratory failure.

Objective To investigate the current status of unplanned readmission to the ICU in neurosurgical patients and to study its influencing factors，aiming to inform the construction of targeted nursing interventions for medical staff. Methods From January 2020 to September 2022，the relevant data of patients transferred out from the ICU of a tertiary-level hospital in Beijing were retrospectively analyzed. After using propensity score matching，a sample with balanced covariates between groups was obtained，and single-factor and Logistic regression analyses were used to study the influencing factors of unplanned readmission to the ICU in neurosurgical patients. Results The data of a total of 4 789 patients were included，and 159 patients（3.32%） had unplanned readmission to the ICU. Respiratory failure and pulmonary infection were the main respiratory complications causing unplanned readmission to the ICU in neurosurgical patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of mechanical ventilation，the length of the first stay in the ICU，tracheal intubations≥2 times，presence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage tube or lumbar drainage tube，existence of mild to moderate consciousness disorder at discharge from ICU，low white blood cell count，and low hemoglobin count were independent influencing factors for unplanned readmission to ICUs in neurosurgical patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion Medical staff should pay attention to the high-risk group of unplanned return to the ICU，assess the risk of transfer in a timely manner，carry out targeted nursing measures and strengthen the quality of nursing care to reduce the incidence of unplanned return to the ICU in neurosurgical patients.

Objective To explore the status of psychological distress level and its influencing factors in patients with non-puerperal mastitis. Methods From July to November 2023，173 patients with non-puerperal mastitis who were diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Chinese medicine hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected by convenience sampling and investigated by general information table and distress management screening measure. Variables with P value ≤0.1 in univariate analysis were incorporated into binary Logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 167 valid questionnaires were recovered. The detection rate of significant psychological distress in patients with non-puerperal mastitis was 45.51%，and the distress thermometer score was 3.00（2.00，5.00）. Logistic regression analysis showed that breast redness and swelling，breast ulceration，nipple discharge or secretion，at work or school，fear，and pain were the influencing factors of significant psychological distress in patients with non-puerperal mastitis（P<0.05）. Conclusion In this study，the detection rate of significant psychological distress in patients with non-puerperal mastitis is high. Clinical medical staff need to focus on non-puerperal mastitis patients with significant breast symptoms or obvious pain，quickly assess the psychological status of patients，and take targeted psychological measures or invite professional psychologists to intervene in a timely manner to reduce the psychological pain of patients and promote physical and mental health.

Objective To explore the dilemma of self-management behavior maintenance in ischemic stroke patients，and to provide references for continuous self-management intervention design for ischemic stroke patients. Methods The descriptive qualitative research method was used to select samples by the purpose sampling method. From November to December 2023，18 patients hospitalised with stroke from the neurology ward of a tertiary general hospital in Luoyang City，Henan Province were selected for semi-structured interviews. Based on the Capability，Opportunity，Motivation-Behavior（COM-B） model，the data were analyzed by directed content analysis. Results A total of 3 themes and 12 sub-themes were identified，namely capability factors（poor level of health literacy，lack of self-control），opportunity factors（lack of medical resources impeding the maintenance of behaviors，social customs inducing the return of undesirable behaviors，difficult to satisfy the need for multiple emotional support，behavior being improved briefly after follow-up），and motivation factors（impulsive thinking，role conflict leading to forgetfulness，difficult to change previous bad habits，acceptance of the aging，weak self-management effect，symptoms inducing behavioral changes）. Conclusion The maintenance of self-management behavior in ischemic stroke patients is affected by 3 aspects of obstacles，including capability，opportunity and motivation. On the premise of fully evaluating the specific characteristics of ischemic stroke patients，medical staff should meet the multidimensional needs of patients to promote the maintenance of self-management behaviors to improve their health outcomes.

Objective To explore the effect of moxibustion combined with low molecular weight heparin in patients with hypercoagulable tumor. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 128 patients with high coagulation status of tumors hospitalized in the oncology department of a tertiary A Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital from February 2022 to June 2023 as the research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group by a random number table method，with 64 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional prevention and treatment measures combined with low molecular weight heparin，while the experimental group was treated with moxibustion on the basis of measures in the control group. The intervention period was 2 courses，with each course lasting 5 days. The thromboelastography and coagulation indicators of the 2 groups of patients were compared on the 1st，6th，and 11th day after enrollment. Results A total of 124 cases completed the experiment，with 2 cases lost in the experimental group and 2 cases lost in the control group. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a time effect on the coagulation reaction time between the 2 groups（F=8.797，P=0.004）；simple effects analysis showed that on the 11th day of intervention，the coagulation reaction time in the experimental group was higher than 1st day of intervention，and the difference was statistically significant（t=-2.225，P=0.028）. Conclusion Moxibustion combined with low molecular weight heparin can prolong coagulation initiation time，reduce coagulation factor activity，improve hypercoagulability in tumor patients，and thus prevent deep vein thrombosis in tumor patients.

Objective To construct evaluation indicators for the construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing at the provincial and municipal levels and conduct preliminary verification，providing references for evaluating the level of construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing. Methods From December 2022 to March 2023，based on the Wuli-Shili-Renli system methodology，the content and weight of the evaluation indicators for the construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing at the provincial and municipal levels were determined through literature review，semi-structured interviews，Delphi method，and analytic hierarchy process. Opinion consultation and satisfaction survey were conducted on 46 nursing managers of secondary and above traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Chongqing in April 2023 to preliminarily verify the application effect of the indicators. Results After 2 rounds of consultation with 16 experts，the questionnaire response rates were 100% and 100%，respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.963 and 0.950，respectively，and the coordination coefficients were 0.216~0.307，0.134~0.144，respectively（P<0.05）. Ultimately，an evaluation index for the construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing at the provincial and municipal levels was formed，which includes 3 primary indicators，17 secondary indicators，and 76 tertiary indicators. 97.83% nursing managers of hospitals are satisfied with the constructed indicators，believing that the indicator content is clear，comprehensive，professional，and has good practicality. Conclusion The evaluation indicators for the construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing at the provincial and municipal levels are scientific，reliable，which can provide references for the construction of key specialties in traditional Chinese medicine nursing and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine nursing.

Objective To explore latent classes of intrinsic capacity in older adults and analyze the role of different latent classes in influencing the occurrence of falls in older adults. Methods A convenience sampling method was utilized to select the older adults in a community in Beijing in November-December 2020 as the survey respondents. General Information Questionnaire and WHO Intrinsic Capacity Assessment Tool were used to collect information，and the study participants were followed up in June-July，2023. Potential classes were analyzed using Mplus 8.0 software，and logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of potential classes of intrinsic capacity on falls. Results Follow-up was completed by 243（85.6%） survey respondents，with a decrease in the follow-up intrinsic capacity score from baseline（Z=4.667，P<0.001），and 30（12.3%） older adults had experienced falls in the last 1 year. The intrinsic capacity of the older people can be clustered into 3 potential classes，namely，the low level of perception group（69.7%），the low level of cognition and perception group（23.2%），and the medium level of cognition and low level of vitality，psychological and perception group（7.1%）. Logistic regression results showed that the risk of falling in the group with the medium cognition and low vitality，psychological and perception is 5.777 times（95%CI：1.824-18.298） higher than that in the group with low perception，and the risk of falling in the group with medium cognition and low vitality，psychological and perception is 7.534 times（95%CI：1.822-31.150） higher than that in the group with low cognition and perception. Conclusion The prevalence of falls in the older adults is high；the intrinsic capacity is heterogeneous；potential classes of intrinsic capacity play different roles in the degree to which they predict the risk of falls. It is recommended to pay attention to the heterogeneity of intrinsic capacity of older adults in clinical work and to take targeted measures to prevent falls.

Objective To explore the experiences of family caregivers in dealing with the care-resistance behaviors in elderly patients with dementia，to improve the quality of care for elderly patients with dementia，and to enhance the ability of family caregivers to cope with resistance behaviors. Methods Utilizing purposeful sampling，we conducted in-depth interviews with 16 family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia between February 2024 and May 2024. The participants were recruited from a tertiary-grade hospital and the surrounding community in Zhengzhou，Henan Province. The interview data were subjected to thematic analysis using the Colaizzi 7-step method. Results A total of 19 interviews were conducted in this study，with each caregiver being interviewed for 30-44 minutes. The total transcription was about 82，000 words，and 4 themes and 11 sub-themes were identified：the considerable physical and psychological burden（persistent negative emotions，gradually increasing physical burden），realization of self-worth（sense of filial responsibility，care benefit feeling），subjective adjustment of coping strategies（actively seeking external support，resorting to restrictions and protection，passively coping out of helplessness），and facing multiple coping challenges（difficulty in establishing effective communication，poor sleep quality，lack of caregiving skills，unmet diverse support needs）. Conclusion Family caregivers experience a heavier burden of care and develop various negative emotions when dealing with resistance behaviors. Different caregivers gradually adapt and develop different coping strategies in the care process. However，there are still some coping dilemmas that need to be resolved. Healthcare professionals should pay timely attention to caregivers’ experiences in dealing with resistance behaviors，correct their attitudes towards care-resistance behaviors，strengthen health education on managing care-resistance behaviors，and improve their ability to cope with care-resistance behaviors.

Objective To explore the effects of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program on the nutritional status of children with leukemia during induction remission chemotherapy. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，45 children with leukemia who received induction remission chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from December 2023 to May 2024 were selected as an experimental group，and the specialist nurse-led nutrition management program was implemented. A total of 45 children with leukemia who admitted to the same hospital to receive induction remission chemotherapy from August to November 2023 were selected as a control group，and routine nursing care was provided. The duration of the intervention was 45 days，and the children’s mid-upper arm circumference，BMI，serum albumin and pre-protein concentration were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention，and post-intervention satisfaction of their parents was also compared. Results 2 cases were lost to follow-up during the study，and finally 44 cases were included in both the experimental group and the control group. After the intervention，mid-upper arm circumference，BMI，and serum albumin concentration in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）；there was no significant difference in pre-protein concentration between the 2 groups（P=0.199）；the satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Implementation of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program is helpful in improving mid-upper arm circumference and BMI in children with leukemia during induction and remission chemotherapy，as well as their serum albumin concentration and parental satisfaction.

This paper reports the inpatient care and nine-year follow-up management experience of a patient with Type 3 Long QT Syndrome. During hospitalization，efforts were focused on accurate symptom identification and emergency intervention. Key points in post-discharge follow-up care include medication education to prevent the use of drugs that prolong the QT interval on ECG，the application of anticipatory care to enhance the patient’s self-management skills，and the joint development of a family emergency plan by relatives and healthcare providers. Additionally，the comprehensive family genetic health management was implemented. Through systematic screening，disease education，and continuous follow-up，the patient was maintained on long-term oral metoprolol post-discharge，with no further cardiac adverse events. The cardiac function of the patient improved，and during follow-up，the patient exhibited good recovery，being able to perform self-monitoring as required，and returned to normal life.

The treatment and nursing experience of a patient with acute coronary syndrome with ketoacidosis and chronic gastric volvulus were summarized. The nursing points are as follows：dynamic assessment of chest pain，timely warning of disease changes，helping early identification of chest pain etiology；accurately monitoring hemodynamics，ensuring rapid fluid resuscitation，preventing heart failure；closely observation of bleeding and bleeding tendency，doing gastrointestinal bleeding care；phased posture therapy and cardiac rehabilitation to improve chronic gastric volvulus；applying positive dual intervention strategy and implementing psychological nursing. After active diagnosis and treatment and careful care，the patient was discharged smoothly after 20 d of hospitalization and followed up for 1 year in good condition.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with severe pneumonia complicated with hypopituitarism. Key points of nursing：perform airway management and improve oxygenation index；implementing goal-oriented nutrition support programmes to improve nutritional status；continuously preventing and monitoring the occurrence of pituitary crisis；carrying out early lung rehabilitation training combining traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine；delivering continuity of care to improve disease management capacity. After 24 days of careful treatment and nursing，the patient gets better and was discharged.

Objective Based on the scoping review framework，we collected cancer-related cognitive impairment （CRCI） assessment tools from home and abroad to provide references for the standardized use of such assessment tools. Methods Chinese and English databases，such as Pubmed，Embase，Web of Science Core Collection database，CNIK，Wanfang database，and VIP database，were systematically searched from the establishment of the database to April 12，2024，to extract the basic information of evaluation tools，and the search results were standardized. Results 31 articles were included，of which 26 were about the development or validation of assessment tools，and 5 were about the localization and application of assessment tools，involving 19 subjective assessment tools and 8 objective assessment tools. Most of the subjective assessment tool reliability and validity tests were internal consistency reliability tests and concurrent validity tests；14 subjective assessment tools were multidimensional scales；6 objective assessment tools measured retest reliability；4 were unidimensional measures. Conclusion The assessment tools chosen for the current studies vary. It is recommended to choose the evaluation tools and judgment standards recommended by the International Cognitive and Cancer Working Group to carry out relevant research. In the future，the existing CRCI assessment tools should be further verified and improved，and a localized CRCI assessment tool should be continuously introduced or developed.

Delayed lactation activation is a risk factor for early termination of postpartum breastfeeding with high prevalence and adverse effects on the immediate and long-term growth and development of preterm infants，especially very low birth weight infants. This article reviews the delayed lactation activation，evaluation methods of lactation activation in premature mothers and the intervention measures to shorten the delay of lactation activation，in order to provide the basis for the development of relevant studies and the formulation of effective intervention programs.

Nursing quality management is an important segment in ensuring patients’ safety and improving medical quality. Artificial intelligence supports for achieving modernization，scientization and refinement of nursing quality management. This review aims to provide an overview of artificial intelligence and its current application status in the field of nursing quality management，pointing out the challenges and coping strategies in its application，providing suggestions for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of nursing quality management.

Objective To analyze the definition of mobile health readiness，and provide a theoretical basis for assessment and clinical practice. Methods Web of Science，PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，CNKI，Wanfang data，VIP，and China Biomedical Literature Service System databases were searched. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 2024. Walker and Avant’s methods were used to perform concept analysis. Results As a result，38 articles were selected for analysis. Mobile health readiness can be classified into 4 defined attributes：willingness to adopt new technologies，digital health literacy，technological accessibility，and supporting environment and resources. Antecedents can be discussed from the aspects of digital gap，health care service，and user factors. Mobile health readiness can impact on users and health care systems. Conclusion The concept attributes of mobile health readiness were identified by concept analysis method，which provides references for community nurses to assess the mobile health readiness of users. In the future，researchers can combine the connotations of mobile health readiness to develop assessment tools，and construct interventions for the implementation of mobile health，thereby promoting the application of mobile health in China and the development of intelligent nursing.