Objective To assess the nutritional status of patients undergoing preventive ileostomy and identify the factors that influence the status, thereby providing guidance for medical staff to formulate nutritional intervention strategies. Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 239 patients undergoing preventive ileostomy who were attending follow-up visits or hospitalized while awaiting stoma closure at 4 tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou from November 2023 to July 2024. Data was collected by a general information questionnaire and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool. Factors influencing nutritional status were analyzed by multivariable ordinal Logistic regression. Results Of the 239 patients，227 provided valid responses. The nutritional status was categorized as follows: 64 patients（28.19%） had good nutrition or were at risk of malnutrition；104 （45.81%） exhibited moderate malnutrition；59（25.99%） had severe malnutrition. Multivariable ordinal Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative cumulative chemotherapy cycles, postoperative duration, age, current dietary type，use of oral nutritional supplements（ONS），enterostomy-related complications，and stoma self-care ability were significant predictors of nutritional status（P<0.05）. Conclusion Patients undergoing preventive ileostomy are at a high risk of moderate to severe malnutrition and ONS provided to patients did not result in a meaningful improvement in their nutritional health. Specifically，those patients with a higher number of cumulative preoperative chemotherapy cycles，shorter postoperative recovery time，aged ≥65 years，liquid diet or semi-liquid diet， experiencing enterostomy-related complications, or poor stoma self-care ability，are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. These findings underscore the need for medical staff to formulate intervention strategies based on these factors to improve nutritional status of patients undergoing preventive ileostomy.
