Table of Content

20 September 2026, Volume 61 Issue 18

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Special Planning-Promotion and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Techniques

Application of time-selected auricular point pressing in patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery

YU Chengfei, MA Yaojing, SHENG Shaoying, YU Qunfei, YE Qun, WANG Manman, WANG Guoqiang

2026, 61(18):  2453-2460.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.001

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Objective The study aimed at exploring the effect of time-selected auricular point pressing based on Ziwu Liuzhu theory on patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery，which is important to provide clinical evidence for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 153 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery in the department of orthopedics of a tertiary A general hospital in Zhejiang Province from January to November 2025 were included by convenience sampling，and randomly divided into 3 groups（n=51 per group） using SAS software. Routine auricular point pressing intervention on the basis of routine nursing care was performed in experimental group 1，while time-selected auricular point pressing intervention based on Ziwu Liuzhu theory was performed in experimental group 2. Participants in the control group received routine nursing care for cervical surgery. The differences in Water Swallowing Test grading，Numerical Rating Scale（NRS） score for swallowing pain，time to first intake of regular diet，and length of hospital stay were compared among the 3 groups on the 1st，3rd，5th，and 7th days after surgery. Results A total of 153 patients completed the study（n=51 per group）. Generalized estimating equations（GEE） analysis revealed that there were significant time-by-group interaction effects across the 3 outcomes of the Water Swallowing Test（normal，suspected dysphagia，and abnormal dysphagia） among the 3 groups of patients（Wald χ²_interaction=14.060，P=0.029；Wald χ²_interaction=16.869，P=0.032；Wald χ²_interaction=22.407，P=0.004）；repeated measures analysis of variance showed an interaction effect between time and group in swallowing pain among the 3 groups（F_interaction=9.526，P<0.001）. Simple effect analysis showed that the proportion of participants classified as having abnormal swallowing disorders in the Water Swallowing Test of experimental group 2 on the 3rd，5th，and 7th days after surgery were lower than experimental group 1 and the control group（all P<0.001）；the NRS scores of experimental group 2 on the 3rd，5th，and 7th days after surgery were lower than those of experimental group 1 and the control group（all P<0.001）. The time to first intake of regular diet in experimental group 2 was 17.00（14.00，23.00） h，shorter than 40.00（36.50，45.00） h in experimental group 1 and 66.60（50.30，72.00） h in the control group（P<0.001）. The length of hospital stay in experimental group 2 was 4.00（3.50，4.50） d，shorter than 6.00（5.50，6.50） d in experimental group 1 and 7.00（6.00，8.00） d in the control group（P<0.001）. Conclusion Time-selected auricular point pressing based on Ziwu Liuzhu theory can effectively improve swallowing function，alleviate swallowing pain，shorten the time to first intake of regular diet and length of hospital stay in patients after anterior cervical surgery. Its effect is superior to routine auricular point pressing and routine nursing care，making it a safe and effective postoperative rehabilitation nursing intervention.

Efficacy of tongue body guidance combined with acupoint pressure in preventing radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer

ZHANG Yan, XU Yan, HU Lili, WANG Yujie, ZHANG Bingyan, LI Liming

2026, 61(18):  2461-2468.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.002

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Objective To explore the preventive effect of tongue body guidance combined with acupoint pressure on radiation-induced xerostomia（RIX） in patients with head and neck cancer（HNC），and to provide evidence-based support for clinical prophylaxis. Methods Using convenience sampling，86 HNC patients who received radiotherapy at the cancer center of a tertiary general hospital in Henan Province from February 2024 to November 2025 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a block randomization method，with 43 cases in each group. The experimental group received tongue body guidance combined with acupoint pressure in addition to routine care，with the preventive intervention period spanning from the initiation of radiotherapy to a month post-radiotherapy completion. The control group received routine care alone. Differences between the 2 groups in the severity of xerostomia，oral pain severity，and static/dynamic salivary flow rates were compared before radiotherapy，at the end of the 10th，20th，and 30th radiotherapy sessions，and a month after radiotherapy completion. Results All 86 patients completed the study. After the intervention，the degree of dry mouth and oral pain in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. Except for the absence of a significant difference in static salivary flow rate between the 2 groups at the 30th time point of radiotherapy，the salivary flow rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at all other time points. Generalized estimating equation analysis revealed significant main effects of time and group on the severity of xerostomia（Wald χ²_group=28.081，P<0.001；Wald χ²_time=771.767，P<0.001）. There were interaction effects between the 2 groups for oral pain degree，static salivary flow rate，and dynamic salivary flow rate（Wald χ²_interaction=59.024，P<0.001；Wald χ²_interaction=85.402，P<0.001；Wald χ²_interaction=76.529，P<0.001）. Conclusion Tongue body guidance combined with acupoint pressure can effectively prevent and delay the onset and progression of radiation-induced xerostomia，reduce pain，and maintain salivary flow rates in HNC patients. The intervention effect remains stable over time.

Effect of acupoint application combined with hot compresses therapy based on midnight-noon ebb-flow of gastrointestinal function in patients after vertebral fusion surgery

LIU Shulan, JIANG Yunlan, KANG Jing, ZHANG Yue, ZHOU Qun

2026, 61(18):  2469-2477.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.003

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Objective To investigate the effect of acupoint application combined with hot compress therapy guided by the Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow theory on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with degenerative spinal diseases following spinal fusion，and to provide references for clinical nursing practice. Methods Using convenience sampling，99 patients undergoing spinal fusion in the orthopedics department of a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from March 2023 to June 2024 were enrolled. They were randomly assigned by a random number table generated with SPSS 27.0 into an experimental group，control group 1，and control group 2，with 33 cases in each group. All groups received routine postoperative care. The experimental group received acupoint application combined with hot compress therapy guided by the Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow theory；control group 1 received acupoint application combined with hot compress therapy but at other times；control group 2 received a placebo acupoint application combined with hot compress therapy guided by the Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow theory. After 7 days of intervention，bowel sound recovery time，time to first flatus，time to first defecation，total and subscale scores of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms（PAC-SYM），and patient satisfaction scores were compared among the 3 groups. Results Ultimately，93 patients completed the trial per protocol. Following the intervention，the experimental group demonstrated superior outcomes compared to both control group 1 and control group 2 in terms of time to bowel sound recovery，time to first flatus，PAC-SYM total score，and patient satisfaction（P<0.05）. The experimental group also achieved a shorter time to first bowel movement than control group 2（P<0.05）. The experimental group also demonstrated superior scores across all dimensions of the PAC-SYM scale compared to control group 2. Notably，scores for the abdominal symptoms dimension and rectal symptoms dimension were superior to those in control group 1（P<0.05）. Conclusion Guided by the Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow theory，acupoint application combined with hot compress therapy can effectively promote gastrointestinal function recovery and enhance patient satisfaction following spinal fusion.

Effects of auricular acupressure combined with music therapy on patients with insomnia：a Meta-analysis

HE Yupeng, LIU Yingcong, HE Junlin, YAO Kaixin, ZHU Shan, GUO Zhenhua

2026, 61(18):  2478-2485.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.004

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Objective To evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure combined with music therapy on sleep quality and anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with insomnia，and to provide evidence-based support for nursing practice in patients with insomnia. Methods Randomized controlled trials on auricular acupressure combined with music therapy for improving sleep quality were retrieved from CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP Database，Chinese Biomedical Literature Database，PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，and the Cochrane Library from inception to May 18，2026. There were 2 researchers who independently conducted literature screening，data extraction，and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 16 studies involving 1 504 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that，compared with the control group，auricular acupressure combined with music therapy significantly reduced Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores[MD=-2.96，95%CI（-3.62，-2.31），P<0.001]，anxiety scores[SMD=-0.97，95%CI（-1.19，-0.74），P<0.001]，and depression scores[MD=-5.01，95%CI（-6.96，-3.06），P<0.001]. Conclusion Auricular acupressure combined with music therapy can improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia and help alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms. However，due to the limitations in methodological quality and insufficient follow-up data of the included studies，further high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Specialist Nursing Practice and Research

Construction and application of a perioperative airway management protocol for adult patients with a history of asthma

YUAN Huadi, HAN Nafei, GAO Liyan, HE Hong, WU Xiaoyan, WU Shuguang, YAN Min

2026, 61(18):  2486-2494.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.005

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Objective To develop a perioperative airway management program for adult patients with a history of asthma and explore its application effects，aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and management of perioperative asthma. Methods In September 2025，the protocol was developed through literature review and expert consultation. Using convenience sampling，165 patients with a history of asthma were selected from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province. Among them，80 patients enrolled from October to December 2025 served as an experimental group，and 85 patients enrolled from October to December 2024 served as a control group. The experimental group received an evidence-based airway management protocol，while the control group received conventional airway management. The following outcomes were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention，including vasoactive drug use rate，incidence of airway spasm and acute asthma exacerbation，tracheal extubation time，length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit，pre-hospital waiting time，preoperative waiting time，and hospital length of stay. Results Ultimately，80 patients were included in the experimental group and 83 patients in the control group. The incidence of airway spasm in the experimental group（15.00%） was lower than that in the control group（32.53%），and the incidence of acute asthma exacerbation（11.25%） was lower than that in the control group（22.89%），with statistically significant differences（P=0.009，0.049）. The preoperative waiting time in the experimental group was 1.0（1.0，2.0） d，which was shorter than 2.0（1.0，3.0） d in the control group，with statistically significant differences（P=0.010）. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the other sets of indicators（P>0.05）. Conclusion The airway management protocol developed in this study is scientifically sound，and it can meet the perioperative nursing needs of patients with a history of asthma，reduce the risk of asthma airway spasm and acute attack，and shorten preoperative waiting time，promoting their recovery.

Characteristics and influencing factors of pain interference among patients with spinal cord injury based on ecological momentary assessment

PAN Yanqun, LIU Yinnan, CHEN Yanbo, YANG Qiqing, LIU Jing, SUN Lina, LUO Chunxiao, HE Zheng, LI Kun

2026, 61(18):  2495-2502.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.006

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Objective To explore the dynamic characteristics and influence factors of pain and pain interference in patients with spinal cord injury over time，and to provide a basis for more effective pain management. Methods 83 patients with spinal cord injury who were treated or hospitalized in a rehabilitation hospital in Guangdong Province from October 2024 to November 2025 were selected as the survey subjects by convenient sampling. Using the ecological momentary assessment method，The pain and pain interference were monitored continuously and dynamically for 7 days，4 times per day. A multilevel model was used to analyze the influence factors of pain interference. Results The pain and pain interference of patients with spinal cord injury showed rhythmic changes with a lighter pattern during the day and aggravation at night，reaching a peak at 19：00. There was a momentary correlation at different time points（08：00，12：00，19：00 and bedtime） in a day，with the strongest correlation at 19：00（P<0.001）. The multilevel model showed that pain could positively affect pain interference in patients with spinal cord injury at the within-person level（P<0.001）. Conclusion There are dynamic changes in pain and pain interference in patients with spinal cord injury. Nursing staff should formulate individualized pain management plans based on the characteristics of patients’ pain fluctuations and reasonably optimize the implementation time of analgesic measures to improve the overall pain management effect.

Physical activity trajectories among patients with chronic kidney disease and their influencing factors：a longitudinal study

DU Juan, MIAO Jinhong, ZHU Yujie, ZHANG Qingyang, JIA Jiajia, LU Mengfan, LEI Yutian, SONG Chunhua

2026, 61(18):  2503-2509.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.007

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Objective To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of physical activity trajectories among patients with chronic kidney disease，and to provide evidence for developing individualized physical activity intervention strategies. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey 259 non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease who were hospitalized in the department of nephrology of a tertiary A general hospital in Henan Province from January to June 2025. A day before discharge，baseline data were collected using a general information questionnaire，the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long，the Theory of Planned Behavior Scale，the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale，the Self-Report Habit Index，and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Physical activity levels were assessed at 1，3，and 6 months after discharge. A latent class growth model was used to identify trajectory classes，and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors influencing physical activity trajectories among patients with chronic kidney disease. Results A total of 3 classes of physical activity trajectories were identified among patients with chronic kidney disease，namely a moderate-level increasing group（23.94%），a moderate-level decreasing group（27.03%），and a low-level decreasing group（49.03%）. Hemoglobin level，number of chronic disease comorbidities，physical activity intention，consideration of future consequences，physical activity habits，and self-regulation ability were influencing factors of the physical activity trajectory classes among patients with chronic kidney disease. Conclusions There is heterogeneity in physical activity trajectory classes among patients with chronic kidney disease. Health care professionals can develop targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of each trajectory class to improve patients’ physical activity levels.

A longitudinal study of core symptoms in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive surgery

WANG Xin, WANG Beibei, XUE Ting, SONG Shouhao, TANG Jiwen, LI Changchun, JIANG Yongmei

2026, 61(18):  2510-2518.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.008

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Objective To explore changes in symptom clusters and identify core symptoms at different stages in patients after minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage using network analysis. Methods A total of 294 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the neurosurgery department of a tertiary hospital in Qingdao from April 2025 to January 2026 were recruited by convenience sampling. Symptom assessments were conducted using the Stroke Symptom Experience Scale at 1 week （T1），1 month（T2），and 3 months（T3） postoperatively. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters，and symptom networks were constructed using R software. Results All 261 patients completed the entire follow-up，with an effective response rate of 88.78%. A total of 3 symptom clusters were consistently extracted at each time point. In the symptom network，decreased self-care ability exhibited the highest strength（r_s=1.524），closeness centrality（r_c=0.005），and betweenness centrality（r_b=108） at T1. At T2，depressed mood had the highest strength（r_s=1.352），while being easily anxious showed the highest closeness centrality（r_c=0.004） and betweenness centrality（r_b=124）. At T3，distress due to inability to engage in desired activities had the highest strength（r_s=1.363） and betweenness centrality（r_b=120），and decreased self-care ability had the highest closeness centrality（r_c=0.004）. Conclusions Symptom clusters remained stable over time but core symptoms transitioned across stages. Decreased self-care ability was the core symptom at T1；depressed mood was the core symptom and being easily anxious was the bridge symptom at T2；psychological distress combined with decreased self-care ability formed a dual-core structure at T3. Staged and targeted interventions should be implemented to improve postoperative rehabilitation management efficiency.

Multidisciplinary Collaborative Nursing Research

Statistical mediation of stoma acceptance between positive mental health and stigma in patients with prophylactic enterostomy

WANG Fengjuan, RUAN Zheng, CHEN Fuhong

2026, 61(18):  2519-2525.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.009

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Objective To explore the relationship between positive mental health，stoma acceptance，and stigma in patients with prophylactic enterostomy，and to analyze the mediating effect of stoma acceptance，so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted psychological interventions. Methods From January 2024 to June 2025，a total of 196 patients with temporary enterostomy were recruited via convenience sampling. The survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Positive Mental Health Scale，the simplified Chinese version of the Social Impact Scale，and the Stoma Acceptance Scale. A structural equation model was constructed using Amos 29.0，and the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Results The scores for positive mental health，stigma，and stoma acceptance were（30.11±4.91）points，（61.15±11.81）points，and（27.34±5.02）points，respectively. Correlation analysis showed that stoma acceptance was negatively correlated with stigma（r=-0.427，P<0.01） and positively correlated with positive mental health（r=0.316，P<0.01）；stigma was negatively correlated with positive mental health（r=-0.477，P<0.01）. The structural equation model indicated that stoma acceptance partially mediated the relationship between positive mental health and stigma，with a mediating effect of -0.097，which accounted for 20.42% of the total effect. Conclusion Patients with prophylactic enterostomy experience high levels of stigma. The statistical mediation model indicated an indirect association between positive mental health and stigma through stoma acceptance. Healthcare professionals should focus on patients’ positive psychological resources and explore integrated psychological interventions that follow the pathway of strengthening resources，promoting acceptance，and alleviating stigma.

A qualitative study on nursing care information needs and psychological experience of fathers of premature infants in NICU

ZHENG Jianhuang, ZHANG Longyu, KANG Zhenzhen, LI Fulian, XU Shanshan

2026, 61(18):  2526-2531.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.010

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Objective To explore the nursing care information needs and psychological experiences of fathers of preterm infants during their infants’ hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU），and to provide a reference for fathers of preterm infants in developing support strategies. Methods This study employed purposeful sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from March to May 2024 with 15 fathers of preterm infants in a tertiary general hospital in Fujian Province，China. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results A total of 2 themes and 8 sub-themes were identified：the multidimensional information needs of fathers of preterm infants in the NICU（needs for dynamic updates on the infant’s condition，needs for guidance on mother-infant care procedures，needs for information on post-discharge continuing care，needs for information on professional emergency management）；the psychological experiences of fathers of preterm infants in the NICU（anxiety and fear during acute stress，conflict and fatigue under multiple roles，confusion and alienation during paternal role absence，and insight and growth in coping with adversity）. Conclusion During the hospitalization of preterm infants in the NICU，fathers’ information needs and psychological experiences are multidimensional and complex. Medical staff should provide early attention to fathers’ nursing care information needs and psychological experiences to promote their mental health and role adaptation.

A qualitative study on the developmental process of perceived vulnerability and psychological experience in mothers of preterm infants

HUANG Yifan, CUI Lulu, CHEN Jing

2026, 61(18):  2532-2538.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.011

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Objective To explore the developmental process of perceived vulnerability in mothers of preterm infants and analyze their psychological experiences during different stages，in order to provide evidence for targeted nursing interventions. Methods Using purposive sampling，18 mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in a tertiary A hospital in Henan Province from January to May 2025 were selected as study participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed following the constructivist grounded-theory procedures outlined by Charmaz. Results A total of 3 primary themes and 12 sub-themes were generated. 1.Acute-crisis phase （immediate post-discharge）：core stress and perceived vulnerability，comprising mixed joy-and-anxiety mood，maternal-role deficiency，desire for professional guidance，and worry about the future. 2. Transitional-adaptation phase：gradual improvement in caregiving ability and easing of perceived vulnerability，encompassing rebuilding of caregiving confidence，gratitude for family support，frustration with fragmented sleep，and wish for standardised medication instructions. 3. Sustained-stability phase：continued reduction of perceived vulnerability coupled with new parenting confidence，including positive reappraisal of the event，increased sense of caregiving benefit，helplessness about of social isolation，and strong expectations for policy support and accessible services. Conclusion Perceived vulnerability in mothers of preterm infants is dynamic. Healthcare professionals should deliver planned，continuous and individualised psychological care grounded in the distinct experiences of each phase，thereby helping mothers navigate this difficult period and improving overall quality of care.

Rare Disease and Critical Care

The longitudinal changes of postoperative growth and development in 11 pediatric lung transplant recipients and nursing implications

GU Peipei, ZENG Fei, LIANG Jiangshuyuan, CAI Lingyun, ZHU Yan, SHENG Li, DONG Meijun, WANG Yandie

2026, 61(18):  2539-2544.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.012

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Objective To explore the longitudinal changes in postoperative growth and development and their related factors in pediatric lung transplant recipients，to provide references for the clinical formulation of post-transplant growth and development management protocols for pediatric lung transplant recipients. Methods This was a retrospective study. Using convenience sampling，14 pediatric patients who underwent lung transplantation and completed at least 24 months of follow-up in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from January 2021 to October 2023 were included. Data on growth and development，pulmonary function，bone mineral density，and glucocorticoid exposure were collected before transplantation and at 3，6，12，and 24 months after transplantation. Height-for-age Z score（HAZ） and BMI-for-age Z score（BAZ） were used to assess growth and development，and changes in HAZ、BAZ scores were used to reflect growth velocity. Descriptive statistical analysis were used to analyze trends over time，and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between growth velocity and pulmonary function，bone mineral density，and glucocorticoid exposure. Results A total of 11 pediatric patients were included. At 24 months after trans-plantation，HAZ showed an improving trend，with the median increasing from -1.27（-1.70，-1.05） to -0.77（-1.85，-0.34）. BAZ increased from -2.48（-4.22，-0.44） before transplantation to 0.11（-0.29，0.91） at 12 months and was -0.36（-1.86，1.34） at 24 months. The proportion of undernutrition decreased from 63.64% to 9.09% at 12 months and was 18.18% at 24 months. Correlation analysis showed that height and BMI growth velocity were positively correlated with pulmonary function and negatively correlated with glucocorticoid exposure，while early post-transplant height growth velocity was negatively correlated with bone mineral density（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Growth and development in pediatric lung transplant recipients showed an improving trend，with possible age- and stage-related differences，and bone health improvement appeared relatively delayed. Glucocorticoid exposure and pulmonary function changes may be associated with growth recovery. Phase-specific management may help promote the coordinated improvement of growth and bone health.

Nursing care for 17 patients undergoing robotic-assisted transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair

WANG Yuli, ZHENG Yamin, WEN Hongmei, XU Jiaoyang, FAN Weiying, CHEN Yuan, WU Linjing

2026, 61(18):  2545-2550.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.013

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To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of 17 patients with robot-assisted transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair. Key nursing points are as follows. Preoperative care includes multidimensional stepwise volume management，pre-rehabilitation based on targeted frailty indicators，and the deconstruction and intervention of anxiety related to the procedure. Intraoperative care includes spatial arrangement and patient positioning，aseptic techniques，collaborative multidisciplinary monitoring，and emergency preparedness. Postoperative care includes tiered management of early rehabilitation，goal-oriented hemodynamic monitoring，and monitoring for complications. After treatment and care by a multidisciplinary team，the 17 patients had a hospital stay of（12.47±5.82） days，and were all discharged smoothly，and recovered well.

Nursing care for a schizophrenia patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted airway reconstruction

JIN Jiamin, YU Chao, LIN Yan

2026, 61(18):  2551-2555.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.014

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To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of a patient with schizophrenia who underwent awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO） bridging to airway reconstruction surgery. Key nursing measures included efficient cooperation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation and initiation to facilitate elective airway reconstruction surgery；adopting a goal-directed analgesia and sedation strategy to ensure perioperative airway safety；dynamically monitoring coagulation function to prevent hemorrhage and thrombosis；strengthening postoperative airway management to prevent complications；implementing multi-dimensional emotional and behavioral management to avoid acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. After 16 days of careful treatment and nursing care，the patient was transferred out of the ICU，and was discharged 3 days later. Followed up on telephone for a month，the patient recovered well.

Evidence Synthesis Research

A Meta-synthesis of psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation

WANG Fangyuan, LI Xianhong, GUAN Yinghui, TIAN Jiaqi, XU Le, XIE Jianhui

2026, 61(18):  2556-2563.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.015

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Objective To synthesize the psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation and to provide evidence for targeted psychological support in clinical practice. Methods PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Embase，Scopus，CNKI，Wanfang Data，VIP Database，and SinoMed were searched for qualitative studies and mixed-methods studies containing qualitative data on psychological experiences of patients awaiting organ transplantation from inception to January 30，2026. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center checklist for qualitative research，and the findings were synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach. Results A total of 17 studies were included. 60 findings were extracted，grouped into 12 categories，and synthesized into 3 integrated findings：experiences of physical and psychological limitations under disease and treatment burden，complex emotional experiences related to uncertainty in transplantation，meaning-making and self-adjustment. Conclusion Patients awaiting organ transplantation experience physical and psychological burden，emotional distress. Healthcare professionals should strengthen integrated care and continuous support to promote active coping and psychological adaptation.

A Meta-synthesis of influencing factors to physical activity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

ZHANG Xiaotong, XU Qi, LI Minmin, LIU Xia

2026, 61(18):  2564-2570.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.016

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Objective Based on the Capability，Opportunity，Motivation-Behavior（COM-B） model and the Theore-tical Domains Framework（TDF），this study integrated qualitative studies on factors influencing physical activity among women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） at home and abroad，systematically sorted out the facilitators and barriers to their physical activity，and provided evidence for developing personalized physical activity protocols and improving patient adherence. Methods Chinese and English databases including PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，PsycINFO，CNKI，WanFang Data，VIP Database，and China Biomedical Literature Database were systematically searched for qualitative studies concerning factors affecting physical activity in GDM patients，with the search period spanning from database establishment to April 21，2026. Literatures were screened according to the quality appraisal criteria for qualitative research，and data were analyzed using the integrative synthesis method. Results A total of 16 studies were included and 28 findings were extracted. Facilitators and barriers to physical activity in GDM covered 3 dimensions of capability，opportunity and motivation. Facilitators involved behav-ioral regulation，adequate public resources，social support，clear health goals，and positive feedback of physical activi-ty. Barriers fell into 11 categories，including lack of relevant knowledge and skills，difficulties in memory，decision-making and implementation，economic and environmental constraints，traditional concepts and role conflicts，as well as negative intention and emotion，which were synthesized into 2 integrated results. Conclusion Physical activity in GDM patients is affected by individual capability，external opportunity and internal motivation. Future interventions should integrate cognitive and physical-mental status，optimize the design of physical activity programs in terms of medical services，social culture and resource environment，enhance pregnant women’s self-efficacy and health literacy，and realize the whole cycle dynamic management of GDM.

Review

A scoping review on the application of interactive body sensing movements in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain

WANG Yang, XU Cuiping, ZHAO Zihan, YAN Wei, WU Ning

2026, 61(18):  2571-2578.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.017

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A scoping review of nursing management models for patients with multiple chronic conditions

WANG Yangzi, FENG Jiehui, LI Xufang

2026, 61(18):  2579-2586.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.018

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Objective A scoping review of nursing management models for patients with multiple chronic conditions was conducted，aiming to provide references for developing localized intervention programs. Methods Following the methodological guidelines of scoping review，searches were conducted in CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP Database，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，and Cochrane Library from inception to August 31，2025，and the included literature was analyzed and discussed. Results A total of 26 articles were included，covering 14 care management models for patients with multiple chronic conditions. These models were categorized into 3 types：consultation and decision-making，system and process remodeling，and service extension and coordination. The intervention measures cover 3 levels：the macro-system level（providing institutional and platform support），the meso-care level（optimizing service processes and implementing team collaboration），and the micro-interaction level（empowering patients and providing management support）. The outcome indicators include 3 dimensions：patient health and functional status，healthcare service efficiency and sustainability，and patient experience and empowerment. Conclusion Nursing management models for patients with multiple chronic conditions demonstrate integrated and multi-level characteristics. In the future，it is necessary to develop localized models and assessment tools tailored to the domestic clinical context，and to verify their long-term application effects through high-quality research.

A concept analysis of multidimensional vulnerability in breast cancer patients

MA Shanghong, WANG Qing, YANG Yanli, DING Xiaotong, YANG Qinghong, FU Yanling, SHANG Min, LI Zheng

2026, 61(18):  2587-2593.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.019

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Objective To analyze the definition and attributes of multidimensional vulnerability in breast cancer patients，providing a reference for constructing precise assessment tools for multidimensional vulnerability in breast cancer patients and guiding clinical screening and individualized intervention. Methods A systematic search was conducted across PubMed，CINAHL，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Scopus，Wanfang，VIP，and CNKI from inception to January 31，2026. Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was applied for the analysis. Results A total of 36 articles identified 5 attributes，namely susceptibility，cumulativeness，adaptability，uncertainty，and subjectivity. Antecedents included treatment-related physical dysfunction，stressor exposure，psychosocial resource depletion，and inadequate coping. Consequences comprised physiological exhaustion，dynamic psychological adaptation，social maladjustment and declining quality of life. Conclusion This analysis clarified the conceptual attributes of multidimensional vulnerability in breast cancer patients，providing guidance for clinical assessment. Future research should develop assessment tools to enable early identification and stratified interventions of multidimensional vulnerability，thereby improving patients’ quality of life.