老年HIV感染者心理社会适应的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索老年HIV感染者心理社会适应类别的潜在剖面，并探讨不同类别的影响因素，为后续制订精准干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1—8月就诊于广西壮族自治区某三级甲等综合医院感染科关爱门诊的老年HIV感染者为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、疾病心理社会适应量表、简易疾病感知问卷、医学应对方式量表、社会支持评定量表、心理弹性量表进行调查。运用潜在剖面分析、单因素分析和多元Logistic回归分析探索心理社会适应的潜在剖面及影响因素。结果发放问卷427份，回收有效问卷408份，有效问卷回收率为95.55%。老年HIV感染者心理社会适应可分为3个潜在剖面，包含相对适应良好型（64.46%）、局部适应障碍型（30.15%）和全面适应不良型（5.39%）；Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、HIV感染年限、家庭人均月收入、疾病感知、社会支持、心理弹性是不同潜在剖面特征的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论老年HIV感染者心理社会适应处于中等水平，具有明显的类别特征。医护人员需重点关注全面适应不良型、局部适应障碍型类别的患者，基于患者的疾病感知、社会支持与心理弹性特征，采取个性化措施促进形成相对良好型的适应模式。

关键词: 老年人, 人类免疫缺陷病毒, 心理社会适应, 潜在剖面, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the latent profiles of psychosocial adaptation among elderly people living with HIV（PLWH） and identify the influencing factors of different profiles，thereby providing a reference for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to recruit elderly PLWH who visited the Care Clinic of the Infectious Diseases Department in a tertiary general hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January to August 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，the Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness Scale，the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire，the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire，the Social Support Rating Scale，and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISC）. Latent profile analysis，univariate analysis，and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the latent profiles of psychosocial adaptation and their influencing factors. Results A total of 427 questionnaires were distributed，with 408 valid responses recovered，resulting in an effective response rate of 95.55%. The psychosocial adaptation of elderly PLWH was categorized into 3 latent profiles：relatively well-adapted type（64.46%），fully maladapted type （30.15%），and partially adaptive disorder type（5.39%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age，duration of HIV infection，per capita monthly household income，illness perception，social support，and psychological resilience were significant influencing factors of the distinct latent profiles（P<0.05）. Conclusion The psychosocial adaptation of elderly PLWH is at a moderate level and exhibits distinct categorical characteristics. Healthcare providers should prioritize attention to patients with the fully maladapted type and partially adaptive disorder type，and implement personalized interventions based on patients’ illness perception，social support，and psychological resilience to facilitate the development of a relatively well-adapted model.

Key words: Aged, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Psychosocial Adaptation, Latent Profile, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

覃文婷, 杨连招, 龙秀红, 陈玲, 高慧, 桑树林. 老年HIV感染者心理社会适应的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(6): 797-805.

QIN Wenting, YANG Lianzhao, LONG Xiuhong, CHEN Ling, GAO Hui, SANG Shulin. A study on latent profile analysis of psychosocial adaptation and its determinants in elderly HIV patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(6): 797-805.

图/表 5

表1 老年HIV感染者一般资料及心理社会适应类别影响因素的单因素分析

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and univariate analysis of factors influencing psychosocial adaptation categories in elderly HIV patients

表2 老年HIV感染者心理社会适应潜在剖面模型的拟合指标（n=408）

Table 2 Goodness-of-fit indices for the latent profile model of psychosocial adaptation in elderly HIV patients（n=408）

图1 老年HIV感染者心理社会适应的潜在剖面分布特征

Figure 1 Characteristics of the latent profile distribution of psychosocial adaptation in elderly HIV patients

表3 自变量赋值情况

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 老年HIV感染者心理社会适应潜在剖面影响因素的多因素分析

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors influencing the latent profiles of psychosocial adaptation in elderly HIV patients

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