青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母出院准备体验及需求的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.06.013

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 814-821.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.06.013

青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母出院准备体验及需求的质性研究

刘晓¹(), 李丽², 施忠英²^,^*()

1.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心特需病房上海市 200030
2.上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心护理部上海市 200030

收稿日期:2025-06-24 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-23
*通讯作者: 施忠英，E-mail：ssc.1@163.com
作者简介:刘晓：女，硕士，副主任护师，E-mail：liuxiaosmhc@163.com
基金资助:
上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项青年项目(20204Y0363)

A qualitative study on discharge readiness experiences and needs of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents

LIU Xiao¹(), LI Li², SHI Zhongying²^,^*()

1. Special Ward，Shanghai Mental Health Center，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine，Shanghai 200030，China
2. Nursing Department，Shanghai Mental Health Center，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine，Shanghai 200030，China

Received:2025-06-24 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-23
Funding program:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s Clinical Research Special Youth Project(20204Y0363)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母出院准备体验及需求，为采取科学有效的出院准备干预方案提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法，选取2022年12月—2024年6月在上海市某三级甲等精神卫生专科医院接受治疗的12例青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母为研究对象，进行半结构式深入访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法整理分析资料。结果共提炼出4个主题及12个亚主题，其中主题分别为积极与消极交织的情绪体验、疾病管理知识与技能的不足及相关支持需求、家庭互动模式的重构挑战与相应诉求、多元化社会支持系统的缺失体验与构建需求。结论青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母的出院准备过程存在多维挑战，凸显了对“医院-家庭-社区”协同支持网络的迫切需求。护理人员应协助患儿父母制订系统化的延续性护理方案，实现照护的无缝衔接，帮助青少年神经性厌食患者平稳过渡疾病、实现全面康复。

关键词: 神经性厌食, 青少年, 出院准备, 质性研究, 康复护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the discharge preparation experiences and needs of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa（AN） and their parents，and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective discharge preparation intervention programs. Methods Using purposive sampling，12 adolescent AN patients and their parents who received treatment in a tertiary grade A mental health hospital in Shanghai from December 2022 to June 2024 were selected as research subjects. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted，and the data were organized and analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis method. Results A total of 4 themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted，including intertwined positive and negative emotional experiences，insufficiency of disease management knowledge and skills and related support needs，challenges in reconstructing family interaction patterns and corresponding demands， and experiences of lack in diversified social support systems and needs for construction. Conclusion The discharge preparation process of adolescent AN patients and their families faces multi-dimensional challenges，highlighting the urgent need for a “hospital-family-community” collaborative support network. Nursing staff should assist the parents of the affected children in formulating a systematic and continuous care plan to achieve seamless connection in care and help adolescent patients with AN smoothly transition from the disease and achieve comprehensive recovery.

Key words: Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescents, Discharge Readiness, Qualitative Research, Rehabilitation Nursing

刘晓, 李丽, 施忠英. 青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母出院准备体验及需求的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(6): 814-821.

LIU Xiao, LI Li, SHI Zhongying. A qualitative study on discharge readiness experiences and needs of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(6): 814-821.

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青少年神经性厌食患者及其父母出院准备体验及需求的质性研究

A qualitative study on discharge readiness experiences and needs of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents

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