肝移植患者不同阶段康复需求的纵向质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨肝移植患者不同病程阶段的康复需求，为构建分阶段、个体化的干预策略提供依据。方法采用纵向质性研究设计，于2024年8月—2025年11月选取青岛市某三级甲等医院肝脏移植科的17例肝移植患者为研究对象。在术前等待期、出院准备期和院外调整期3个阶段分别对患者进行半结构式访谈，运用内容分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果共提炼出术前健康状态优化需求、移植相关认知与资源保障需求、移植后自我管理知识与技能掌握需求、移植后心理调适与情绪支持需求、延续性医疗管理需求、生活重建与家庭社会再融入需求和长期医疗费用可持续保障需求共7个主题，涵盖16个亚主题。结论肝移植患者的康复需求具有明显的阶段性，医护人员应依据各阶段的核心需求，构建分阶段、结构化的全程支持体系，以提升干预措施的精准性与连续性，改善患者的生存质量与长期预后。

关键词: 肝移植, 康复需求, 质性研究, 纵向研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the rehabilitation needs of liver transplant patients at different disease stages and provide evidence for developing phased and individualized intervention strategies. Methods A longitudinal qualitative research design was employed. From August 2024 to November 2025，17 liver transplant patients from the Liver Transplant Department of a tertiary-level A hospital in Qingdao were selected as study participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients at 3 stages：the preoperative waiting period，discharge preparation period，and out-of-hospital adjustment period. Content analysis was applied to interpret the interview data. Results A total of 7 themes were extracted，including the demand for optimizing preoperative health status，knowledge and resource guarantee related to transplantation，mastering self-management knowledge and skills after transplantation，psychological adjustment and emotional support after transplantation，continuous medical management，life reconstruction and family and social reintegration，and sustainable guarantee of long-term medical expenses，covering 16 sub-themes. Conclusion The rehabilitation needs of liver transplant patients exhibit distinct stage-specific characteristics. Clinicians should establish a phased，structured，and whole-process supportive system based on the core requirements of each stage. This approach is conducive to enhancing the accuracy and continuity of interventions，thereby improving the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients.

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Rehabilitation Needs, Qualitative Research, Longitudinal Study, Nursing Care

路梦新, 于晓燕, 张胜龙, 马璐, 王子瑜, 丁锦平, 辛婷婷, 张丙良. 肝移植患者不同阶段康复需求的纵向质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(5): 660-666.

LU Mengxin, YU Xiaoyan, ZHANG Shenglong, MA Lu, WANG Ziyu, DING Jinping, XIN Tingting, ZHANG Bing-liang. A longitudinal qualitative study on the rehabilitation needs of liver transplant patients at different stages[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(5): 660-666.

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