产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.14.009

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (14): 1939-1946.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.14.009

产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状及影响因素研究

眭升¹(), 李苏杭²^,^*(), 朱丽群¹, 金华怡², 庄若¹, 曹松梅¹

¹ 江苏大学附属医院护理部江苏省镇江市 212000
² 江苏大学附属医院产科江苏省镇江市 212000

收稿日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-07-17
*通讯作者: 李苏杭，E-mail：1415407835@qq.com
作者简介:眭升：女，本科，副主任护师，E-mail：70457417@qq.com
第一联系人：作者贡献声明
眭升：研究设计、数据收集与整理、统计学分析、论文撰写；李苏杭：研究设计、研究指导、论文审阅与修改；朱丽群：研究指导、论文审阅；金华怡：数据收集与整理、基金支持；庄若、曹松梅：数据收集、论文审阅
基金资助:
2024年江苏大学临床医学专项基金项目(JDLCHL2024094)

Current condition of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors

SUI Sheng¹(), LI Suhang²^,^*(), ZHU Liqun¹, JIN Huayi², ZHUANG Ruo¹, CAO Songmei¹

¹ Nursing Department， Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University，Zhenjiang， Jiangsu Province 212000， China
² Obstetrics Department， Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University，Zhenjiang， Jiangsu Province 212000， China

Received:2025-09-24 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-07-17
* Corresponding author: LI Suhang，E-mail：1415407835@qq.com
Funding program:
The 2024 Clinical Medicine Special Fund Project of Jiangsu University(JDLCHL2024094)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状，通过潜在剖面分析识别其群体异质性特征，并探讨不同类别产妇母乳喂养自信心的影响因素，旨在为制订分层干预策略提供依据。方法采用分层抽样法，选取2024年7—10月在江苏省13个城市23所三级医院的886名产妇作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养自信心量表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表及纯母乳喂养知识问卷进行调查。对产妇母乳喂养自信心进行潜在剖面分析，运用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析确定不同剖面及其影响因素。结果回收有效问卷855份。产妇母乳喂养自信心量表得分为（100.58±21.63）分。产妇母乳喂养自信心分为“技能情感双弱型”（58.24%）、“支持依赖型”（30.06%）和“自主胜任型”（11.70%）3个潜在类别。疾病史、既往分娩次数、首次哺乳时间、首次哺乳成功、每次哺乳持续时间、配偶母乳喂养态度、产后抑郁、社会支持、纯母乳喂养知识、遇到母乳喂养困难是母乳喂养自信心潜在剖面类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论产妇的母乳喂养自信心存在显著异质性且受多种因素影响。医护人员应根据其自信心特征实施精准干预，以提升其母乳喂养效能与纯母乳喂养率。

关键词: 母乳喂养, 母乳喂养自信心, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to analyze the current status of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy，identify its heterogeneous characteristics within the population through latent profile analysis，and systematically explore the influencing factors across different identified profiles. Methods A stratified sampling method was employed to select 886 postpartum women from 23 tertiary hospitals across 13 cities in Jiangsu Province，China，from July to October 2024. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire，Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale，Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale，Social Support Rating Scale，and Exclusive Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct profiles of breastfeeding self-efficacy，and their influencing factors were examined using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 855 valid questionnaires were collected，BSES score was（100.58±21.63）points. LPA identified three distinct profiles，namely“limited skills and emotional support”（58.24%），“support dependent”（30.06%），and “autonomous and competent”（11.70%）. Significant factors associated with profile membership included medical history，parity，timing and success of first breastfeeding，feeding duration，spouse’s attitude，EPDS and SSRS scores，exclusive breastfeeding knowledge，and experience of breastfeeding difficulties（P<0.05）. Conclusion Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is heterogeneous and influenced by multiple factors. Healthcare support should be tailored according to these efficacy profiles to improve breastfeeding outcomes and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates.

Key words: Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Latent Profile Analysis, Influencing Factors Analysis, Obstetric Nursing

眭升, 李苏杭, 朱丽群, 金华怡, 庄若, 曹松梅. 产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(14): 1939-1946.

SUI Sheng, LI Suhang, ZHU Liqun, JIN Huayi, ZHUANG Ruo, CAO Songmei. Current condition of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(14): 1939-1946.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及母乳喂养自信心3个潜在剖面的单因素分析结果[名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 The results of the single-factor analysis of the general information of the survey subjects and their self-efficacy in breastfeeding across the 3 potential profiles[case（percentage，%）]

表2 产妇母乳喂养自信心潜在剖面模型的拟合结果

Table 2 Goodness-of-fit indices for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy profile model

表3 自变量的赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 产妇母乳喂养自信心潜在剖面多元Logistic分析（n=855）

Table 4 Multivariate logistic analysis of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy latent profiles（n=855）

图1 产妇母乳喂养自信心3个潜在剖面特征分布

Figure 1 Distribution of characteristics of 3 potential profiles of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy

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产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状及影响因素研究

Current condition of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors

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