低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受的现状，探究其潜在剖面类别，并分析不同类别的影响因素，为制订精准化的护理干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2024年4—12月在徐州市某三级甲等医院内分泌科住院的280例糖尿病患者作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、内感受意识多维评估量表第2版、低血糖恐惧调查-忧虑量表、糖尿病自我效能量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查，对低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析和Logistic回归分析探究不同剖面的影响因素。结果最终纳入261例低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者，其内在感受可分为低感受-低注意调适组（21.46%）、中感受-均衡组（45.97%）和高感受-低担心组（32.57%）3个类别。不同类别的患者在年龄、病程、有无并发症、低血糖恐惧感、糖尿病自我效能及领悟社会支持上存在差异（P<0.05）。结论低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受具有明显的群体异质性，护理人员应根据其内在感受不同剖面的类别特征及影响因素，制订精准化的护理干预措施，提升患者的内在感受水平。

关键词: 低血糖感知受损, 糖尿病, 内在感受, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current state of interoception among diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia，explore potential profile categories，and analyse influencing factors across different categories，thereby providing evidence for developing targeted nursing interventions. Methods A convenience sample of 280 diabetic patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department of a tertiary A hospital in Xuzhou City between April and December 2024 was selected. Data collection employed a demographic questionnaire，the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2-Chinese，the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Worry Scale，the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale，and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Latent profile analysis examined interoception patterns among affected patients，while univariate and logistic regression analyses identified influencing factors for each profile. Results A total of 261 patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia were ultimately included. Their interoception were categorised into 3 groups，namely low interoception-low attention adaptation group （21.46%），moderate interoception-balanced group（45.97%），and high interoception-low concern group（32.57%）. Patients across categories exhibited significant differences in age，disease duration，presence of complications，hypoglycaemic fear，diabetes self-efficacy，and perceived social support（P<0.05）. Conclusion Interoception among diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia demonstrates marked group heterogeneity. Nursing staff should formulate precise care interventions based on the categorical characteristics and influencing factors of different interoception profiles to enhance patients’ interoception levels.

Key words: Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Interoception, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

朱凯, 闫梦梦, 张慧君, 宋红. 低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(7): 932-938.

ZHU Kai, YAN Mengmeng, ZHANG Huijun, SONG Hong. Current status and potential profile analysis of interoception in diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(7): 932-938.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及内在感受潜在剖面的单因素分析

Table 1 General information of the survey respondents and one-way analysis of the factors affecting interoception

表2 低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受潜在剖面模型的拟合信息

Table 2 Fitting information for the potential profile model of interoception in diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia

图1 低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受3个潜在剖面的特征分布

Figure 1 Distribution of characteristics of 3 potential profiles of interoception in diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia

表3 低血糖感知受损的糖尿病患者内在感受潜在剖面类别的多因素分析

Table 3 Multifactorial analysis of potential profile categories for interoception in diabetic patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia

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