围产期哀伤辅导培训方案的构建及在产科护士中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建围产期哀伤辅导培训方案并评价其在产科护士中的应用效果，以提升产科护士的围产期哀伤辅导能力及质量。方法以Swanson关怀理论为指导，通过文献回顾、专家函询和预试验，构建围产期哀伤辅导培训方案，包括5个培训模块、8个培训主题、21项培训内容。采用便利抽样法，于2022年5—6月选取浙江省某三级甲等妇产科医院的产科护士作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法对其进行分组，试验组接受围产期哀伤辅导培训，对照组接受科室常规护理培训，比较两组干预后围产期哀伤辅导能力、组织支持水平、压力水平和情绪倦怠水平的差异。结果试验组80名、对照组75名护士完成该研究。培训后，试验组的围产期哀伤辅导能力和组织支持水平高于对照组，试验组的压力水平和情绪倦怠水平低于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论该研究构建的围产期哀伤辅导培训方案具有科学性和可行性，实施该培训方案能够有效提升产科护士的围产期哀伤辅导能力及感知的组织支持水平，缓解其负性情绪。

关键词: 围产期, 哀伤辅导, 在职培训, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct a training program for obstetric nurses in perinatal bereavement care and evaluate its effectiveness，with the aim of improving their competence and quality of perinatal bereavement care. Methods Guided by Swanson’s Theory of Caring，a perinatal bereavement care training program was developed through a literature review，expert consultation，and a pilot study. The program comprised 5 intervention modules，8 intervention themes，and 21 intervention components. Using convenience sampling，obstetric nurses from a tertiary maternity and child health hospital in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province，were recruited between May and June 2022. Participants were allocated into an intervention group and a control group using a random number table. The intervention group received the perinatal bereavement care training，while the control group received routine departmental professional training that did not include perinatal bereavement care. Differences between the 2 groups in perinatal bereavement counseling competence，perceived organizational support，stress，and emotional burnout were compared after the intervention. Results A total of 80 participants in the intervention group and 75 in the control group completed the study. After the intervention，the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher levels of perinatal bereavement care competence and perceived organizational support than the control group. Additionally，the intervention group reported significantly lower levels of stress and emotional burnout than the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The training program developed in this study is both scientific and feasible. It effectively enhances obstetric nurses’ perinatal bereavement care competence and perceived organizational support while alleviating negative emotional outcomes.

Key words: Peripartum Period, Bereavement Care, In-Service Training, Obstetrical Nursing

钱嘉璐, 孙世文, 王曼, 孙亚平, 余晓燕. 围产期哀伤辅导培训方案的构建及在产科护士中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(7): 964-972.

QIAN Jialu, SUN Shiwen, WANG Man, SUN Yaping, YU Xiaoyan. Construction and application of a training program for perinatal bereavement care among obstetric nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(7): 964-972.

图/表 5

图1 基于Swanson关怀理论的培训目的及模块

Figure 1 Training objectives and modules based on Swanson’s theory of caring

表1 围产期哀伤辅导培训方案

Table 1 Training program for perinatal bereavement care

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 Baseline comparison of 2 groups before intervention

表3 两组围产期哀伤辅导能力和组织支持水平的比较（分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 3 Comparison of perinatal bereavement care competency and perceived organizational support between 2 groups（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

表4 两组压力水平和情绪倦怠水平的比较（分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 4 Comparison of stress and emotional exhaustion between 2 groups（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

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