先天性心脏病患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案的构建与效果评价

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建先天性心脏病手术患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案并探讨其应用效果，旨在为提升患儿围手术期康复效果提供新路径。方法通过文献分析、专家函询构建先天性心脏病手术患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案。采用便利抽样法，于2022年9月—2024年10月选取在昆明市某儿童专科医院接受先天性心脏病手术的100例患儿作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组，每组各50例。试验组在对照组的基础上实施围手术期游戏化护理干预；对照组进行常规基础护理，比较两组干预前后的焦虑状态、治疗依从性及术后6、24、48 h的疼痛程度。结果最终形成5个维度、14个条目的先天性心脏病手术患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案。试验组与对照组均未有样本脱落。干预后试验组改良耶鲁术前焦虑量表得分为（25.79±3.36）分，低于对照组的（31.29±5.36）分（P<0.001）；术后6、24、48 h的儿童疼痛行为量表得分分别为（3.65±0.53）（2.16±0.35）（1.76±0.20）分，低于对照组的（4.72±0.72）（3.65±0.52）（2.77±0.37）分（均P<0.001）；Frankl依从性量表得分为（3.25±0.89）分，高于对照组的（2.76±1.03）分（P=0.012）。结论该研究构建的先天性心脏病手术患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案具有一定科学性、全面性、可行性，实施该方案可缓解患儿的焦虑状况，提高其治疗依从性，减轻疼痛感。

关键词: 先天性心脏病, 围手术期护理, 游戏化护理方案, 焦虑, 疼痛, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To construct a gamified perioperative nursing plan for children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery and explore its application effect，aiming to provide a new path for improving their perioperative rehabilitation effect. Methods Through literature analysis and Delphi expert consultation，a gamified perioperative nursing plan for children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery was constructed. Using convenience sampling，100 pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery at a children’s specialty hospital in Kunming from September 2022 to October 2024 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table，with 50 patients in each group. The experimental group implemented perioperative gamified nursing interventions on the basis of the control group，while the control group received conventional basic nursing care. The anxiety state，compliance and pain degree at 6，24 and 48 hours after the intervention of the 2 groups were compared. Results Finally，a gamified nursing plan for children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery with 5 dimensions and 14 items was formed. No participants dropped out of either the experimental or control groups. The modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale scores in the experimental group after treatment were（25.79±3.36） points，lower than（31.29±5.36） points in the control group（P<0.001）. The postoperative 6，24 and 48 hour scores on the Children’s Pain Behavior Scale in the experimental group were（3.65±0.53），（2.16±0.35），and（1.76±0.20） points，respectively，which were lower than（4.72±0.72），（3.65±0.52），and（2.77±0.37） points in the control group（P<0.001）. After the intervention，the score of the Frankl Compliance Scale in the experimental group was（3.25±0.89） points，which was higher than（2.76±1.03） points in the control group（P=0.012）. Conclusion The gamified nursing plan for children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery constructed in this study is scientific，comprehensive and feasible. Implementing this plan can alleviate the anxiety of children，improve their compliance and reduce their pain.

Key words: Congenital Heart Disease, Perioperative Nursing, Gamified Nursing Plan, Anxiety, Pain, Pediatric Nursing

范娜, 张璇, 杜华娟, 胡嘉清, 杨燕飞. 先天性心脏病患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案的构建与效果评价[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(7): 909-916.

FAN Na, ZHANG Xuan, DU Huajuan, HU Jiaqing, YANG Yanfei. Construction and application of gamification therapy for children with congenital heart disease surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(7): 909-916.

图/表 4

表1 先天性心脏病手术患儿围手术期游戏化护理方案

Table 1 Gamified perioperative nursing plan for children undergoing CHD surgery

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data between the 2 groups

表3 两组改良耶鲁术前焦虑量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 3 Comparison of the scores of the mYPAS between the 2 groups（scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

表4 两组儿童疼痛行为量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 4 Comparison of the scores of the FLACC between the 2 groups （scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

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