痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动影响因素的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.11.004

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 1468-1474.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.11.004

• 中老年人认知健康促进专题 • 上一篇下一篇

痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动影响因素的质性研究

张涵¹(), 左彭湘², 肖欣雨², 柳甜甜², 韩静²()

1.新疆科技学院医学院护理联合教研室新疆维吾尔族自治区库尔勒市 841000
2.石河子大学医学院石河子市 832000

收稿日期:2026-02-04 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-10
*通讯作者: 韩静，E-mail：hj603-shzdx@163.com
作者简介:张涵：女，硕士，助教，E-mail：1065241412@qq.com
作者贡献声明
张涵：资料收集与分析、论文撰写和修改；左彭湘：论文审阅和修改、质量控制、资金支持；肖欣雨、柳甜甜：资料收集与分析、论文修改；韩静：选题设计、研究指导、论文审阅和修改、质量控制
基金资助:
兵团科技计划项目(2023AB048)

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of family caregivers of people with dementia participating in community peer support activities

ZHANG Han¹(), ZUO Pengxiang², XIAO Xinyu², LIU Tiantian², HAN Jing²()

1. Nursing Joint Teaching Department，The Medical College of Xinjiang University of Science & Technology，Korla，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 841000，China
2. Medical College of Shihezi University，Shihezi 832000，China

Received:2026-02-04 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-10
* Corresponding author: HAN Jing，E-mail：hj603-shzdx@163.com
Funding program:
Military Region Science and Technology Planning Project(2023AB048)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动的影响碍因素，为社区护士开展痴呆家庭支持服务提供参考依据。方法基于社会生态模型，采用目的抽样法，于2025年4—5月对石河子市11例痴呆患者家庭照顾者和12例社区工作人员进行半结构式访谈，运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动的影响因素中个人层面因素包括满足照料需求、理解和支持、照顾者病耻感、参加活动受限；人际层面因素包括照顾者间的互助、照顾者间的影响、互信关系的建立；组织层面因素包括缺乏专业人员参与、支持内容缺乏深度；社区和政策层面因素包括社区的重视、社区为老服务实践经验、社区可用资源、资金和政策支持不足、缺乏激励机制。结论社区开展痴呆患者家庭照顾者同伴支持活动受多重因素的影响，社区医护人员应采取个性化的支持策略提高同伴支持活动的参与度，整合专业资源，提升社区照护支持质量，以期减轻家庭照顾者的压力和负担，提高痴呆患者和照顾者的生活质量。

关键词: 痴呆, 家庭照顾者, 同伴支持, 质性研究, 社区护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the influencing factors for family caregivers of people with dementia to participate in community peer support activities，and provide references for family support services with dementia in the community. Methods From April to May 2025，the purposive sampling was used to select 11 cases of family caregivers of people with dementia and 12 cases of community workers in Shihezi City for semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed by the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method based on social ecological model. Results The influencing factors for family caregivers of people with dementia to participate in community peer support activities include personal-level factors such as meeting care needs，understanding and support，caregiver stigma，and limitations in participating in activities. Interpersonal-level factors include mutual assistance among caregivers, influence among caregivers，and the establishment of mutual trust relationships. Organizational-level factors include the lack of participation of professionals and the insufficiency of the depth of support content. Community and policy-level factors include the community’s attention, the community’s experience in providing elderly care services，the available resources in the community，the insufficiency of funds and policy support，and the lack of incentive mechanisms. Conclusion The implementation of the community-based peer support activities for family caregivers of people with dementia is influenced by multiple factors. Community healthcare professionals should adopt personalized support strategies to increase the participation rate of these peer support activities，integrate professional resources，and improve the quality of community care support，with the aim of reducing the stress and burden on caregivers and enhancing the quality of life for both people with dementia and their caregivers.

Key words: Dementia, Family Caregiver, Peer Support, Qualitative Research, Community Nursing

张涵, 左彭湘, 肖欣雨, 柳甜甜, 韩静. 痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动影响因素的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(11): 1468-1474.

ZHANG Han, ZUO Pengxiang, XIAO Xinyu, LIU Tiantian, HAN Jing. A qualitative study on the influencing factors of family caregivers of people with dementia participating in community peer support activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(11): 1468-1474.

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痴呆患者家庭照顾者参与社区同伴支持活动影响因素的质性研究

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of family caregivers of people with dementia participating in community peer support activities

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