关键词: 维持性血液透析, 口腔衰弱, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the real psychological experience of maintenance hemodialysis patients with oral frailty，and to provide a reference for formulating scientific and effective oral care intervention plans. Methods This study adopted a descriptive phenomenological research method. Through purposive sampling and following the principle of maximum variation，patients with oral frailty who underwent maintenance hemodialysis treatment in a tertiary A hospital in Hangzhou from July to August 2025 were recruited as research subjects. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted，and Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to analyze and organize the interview data. Results 3 core themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted，namely cognition and judgment （conceptual cognitive limitations，risk cognitive desensitization，clear interactional cognition of the disease，delay in severity cognition，attribution bias），motivation and resistance（hierarchical perception of benefits，contradiction in co-morbidity management，exhaustion of energy and time，multi-dimensional external obstacles），behavior and efficacy （lagging healthy behaviors，hierarchical compromise of coping strategies，differentiation of self-efficacy）. Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients have systematic biases in their cognition of oral frailty. Their healthy behaviors are constrained by many factors. A comprehensive intervention system covering systematic early screening mechanisms，multidisciplinary collaborative treatment paths，and individualized behavioral support plans should be constructed to stimulate patients’ internal driving force for health behaviors while strengthening multiple external supports，thereby improving their oral health management ability and quality of life.

Key words: Maintenance Hemodialysis, Oral Frailty, Qualitative Research, Nursing Care