Table of Content

10 July 2025, Volume 60 Issue 13

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Commentary

Development of a classification system for nursing science and directions of future development

WU Ying, ZHOU Lanshu, TANG Siyuan, YUAN Changrong, PI Hongying, HU Xiuying, LU Hong, CHEN Jingli, WANG Yanling, SUN Mei, XU Guihua

2025, 60(13):  1541-1547.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.001

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As an independent first-level discipline，an appropriate classification of nursing science is significant. In China，each nursing degree-granting institution has developed its own secondary-level discipline directions based on its research characteristics and strengths，with varying names and research scopes. Furthermore，there is no unified global classification system. This paper，based on the characteristics of nursing as a discipline and combined with China's discipline classification principles，used literature analysis，comprehensive classification，philosophical reflection，logical reasoning，and expert consultation methods to explore the connotation of nursing，its unique research objects and scope，and to construct a secondary-level discipline classification system for nursing science that is suitable for China's national conditions. The paper also discussed the challenges faced by the nursing discipline and its future development directions，providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of the nursing discipline.

Intravenous Therapy Practice and Management

Expert consensus on the management of mini-midline catheters

Hunan Provincial Health Management Association Professional Committee on Comprehensive Management of Intravenous Therapy , Beijing Nursing Association(Writing Committee: LI Xing, LI Chunyan, LI Fengni, WANG Lei, ZHU Fang, CHEN Jiarui, XIA Qi, YAO Nian, ZHANG Jinghui)

2025, 60(13):  1548-1552.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.002

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Objective To establish an expert consensus on the management of mini-midline catheters（hereinafter referred to as the ‘consensus’） to guide nurses in standardizing the insertion and maintenance of mini-midline catheters. Methods Evidence was systematically retrieved，scientifically evaluated，and synthesized using evidence-based methods to draft the initial version of the consensus. From December 2023 to July 2024，totally 2 rounds of expert correspondence and 2 rounds of expert panel discussions were conducted to revise the content，resulting in the final version. Results There were 17 experts from tertiary A general hospitals in Beijing，Shanghai，Hunan，Hubei，Sichuan，Jiangsu，Hainan，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，and Shandong participating in the consultation，with a 100% response rate. In the 2 rounds of expert correspondence，the authority coefficients were 0.947 and 0.962，respectively. The mean importance scores of all items exceeded 4.00 points. The coefficients of variation（CV） were 0-0.32（first round） and 0-0.15（second round）. Kendall's concordance coefficients were 0.097 and 0.101 （both P<0.001）. The consensus covers 11 sections，including definition，indications，contraindications，qualification training，pre-insertion preparation，catheter insertion，catheter use，catheter maintenance，catheter removal，prevention and management of common complications，and health education. Conclusion The Consensus demonstrates scientific rigor and comprehensively addresses key procedures before，during，and after the insertion of mini-midline catheters，providing actionable guidance for nurses in catheter insertion and maintenance.

Application of f-wave to QRS complex amplitude ratio in PICC tip positioning for patients with atrial fibrillation

SHI Lihua, YANG Rongrong, LIAO Lihong, GUO Jing, SUN Qiu, GONG Yuanyuan, YE Jiabao, ZHANG Jianfang

2025, 60(13):  1553-1557.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.003

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Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of the f-wave to QRS complex amplitude ratio（f/R ratio） in intracardiac electrogram（IC-ECG）-guided positioning of peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） tips in patients with atrial fibrillation（AF），providing evidence to enhance clinical practice. Methods This study employed a convenience sampling method to enroll eligible AF patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Suzhou from July 2023 to July 2024. During PICC placement，IC-ECG was utilized to monitor f-wave and QRS complex amplitude variations. Following successful catheterization，the f/R ratio was measured，and chest X-ray was performed to confirm the catheter tip position. The accuracy of PICC tip positioning across different f/R ratio ranges was analyzed，and the incidence of arrhythmias was recorded. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of the f/R ratio in PICC tip localization. Results A total of 68 AF patients were included，with f/R ratios ranging from 20.63% to 91.24%. PICC tip positioning accuracy varied significantly across different f/R ratio ranges（P=0.006）. The area under the ROC curve（AUC） for f/R ratio in PICC tip positioning was 0.784（P=0.009），with a maximum Youden index of 0.567，an optimal diagnostic threshold of 40.00%，a sensitivity of 81.7%，a specificity of 75.0%，a positive predictive value of 96.1%，and a negative predictive value of 35.3%. No arrhythmias other than AF occurred during the procedure. Conclusion The f/R ratio provides reliable and safe guidance for PICC tip positioning in AF patients. An f/R ratio≥40% is associated with higher accuracy in identifying the optimal catheter tip position.

Comparison of the application effects of single-needle and double-needle subcutaneous tunneling methods in PICC placement for tumor patients

LU Ting, WEI Jiejing, YING Yanping, MA Lingxia, CHEN Xiaoli, XU Yi

2025, 60(13):  1558-1562.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.004

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Objective To compare the clinical effects of single-puncture and double-puncture subcutaneous tunneling techniques for PICC placement in cancer patients，and to provide references for nurses in selecting appropriate catheterization methods. Methods A continuous sampling method was adopted to select cancer patients who underwent PICC placement in the Department of Oncology at a tertiary general hospital in Nanning from June 2022 to December 2023. According to the actual catheterization technique received by patients，they were assigned to either the single-puncture or double-puncture subcutaneous tunneling group. After 1 ∶ 1 propensity score matching （PSM），the 2 groups were compared in terms of catheter-related complication rates，pain scores and total catheterization time. Results After propensity score matching，79 patients were included in each group. The results showed that the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis，pain scores，and total catheterization time in the one-needle subcutaneous tunneling group were significantly lower than those in the two-needle subcutaneous tunneling group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion The one-needle subcutaneous tunneling method can effectively reduce the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis and pain during catheterization in cancer patients，while also shortening the total catheterization time.

Nursing care for midline catheter insertion in 12 patients with severe obesity

ZENG Xufen, CAO Xiuzhu, CHEN Hongying, WU Shasha, JIN Xianghong, ZHAO Linfang

2025, 60(13):  1563-1566.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.005

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This study summarized the nursing experience of midline catheter insertion in 12 patients with a body mass index ≥50，providing clinical references. Key nursing interventions included：pre-insertion patient positioning was adjusted to semi-Fowler's or sitting position based on respiratory status. The puncture sites were chosen at the middle or distal third of the upper arm with elbow flexion. The widened tourniquets and extended-length needles/catheter sheaths were used according to vascular depth and puncture angle. The modified pre-insertion length measurement and real-time ultrasound-guided vascular puncture were applied. The catheter with crisscross elastic bandage was secured post-insertion. All 12 patients successfully underwent catheterization，with devices removed after completing intravenous therapy and blood sampling.

Progress of central venous catheter placement via superficial venous puncture in very low birth weight infants

XIAO Shilan, LUO Feixiang, SHEN Fei, SHANG Zhenru, WANG Qin

2025, 60(13):  1567-1572.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.006

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Epicutaneo-cava catheters（ECC） placement plays an important role in fluid management，drug therapy and nutritional support in very low birth weight infants（VLBWI）. This study reviews the selection of ECC catheters，preparation for ECC catheterization，catheterization procedures，catheter positioning and tracking，and revelations and recommendations in light of the clinical needs of VLBWI，with the aim of optimizing the clinical management of VLBWI，increasing the success rate of ECC catheterization in NICUs，decreasing the risk of complications，improving the prognosis of the children，and enhancing the quality of their clinical care.

Specialist Nursing Practice and Research

Construction and application of a postoperative resistance exercise program for gastric cancer patients

WANG Shanshan, WU Wanying, LIANG Guanmian, FU Huanying, GE Jiaoyu

2025, 60(13):  1573-1580.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.007

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Objective To construct a postoperative resistance exercise program for patients with gastric cancer，and to explore its intervention effect on symptom clusters and quality of life. Methods Based on the interactive attainment theory，the resistance exercise program was constructed through literature analysis and expert meeting method，and the feasibility of the program was confirmed through pre-experiments. The patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in the Department of Gastric Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method，with 36 patients from November to December 2023 as the control group and 36 patients from January to March 2024 as the experimental group，and the intervention continued for 7 days. The experimental group received a resistance exercise program on the basis of conventional rapid recovery surgical care，and the control group received routine rapid recovery surgical care. On the first day before surgery，the 3rd postoperative day，and the 7th postoperative day，the Anderson Symptom Assessment Scale-Gastrointestinal Tumor-Specific Module Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General were used for evaluation. Results During the application of the program，a case was excluded from the experimental group，and a case was excluded from the control group. Ultimately，70 patients were included. The results of generalized estimating equation showed that there was an interaction effect between the 2 groups in the surgery-related symptom cluster and the energy deficiency symptom cluster（P<0.05）. Simple effect analysis showed that on the 7th day after surgery，the scores of the surgery-related symptom cluster in the experimental group and the control group were 3（1，5） and 5（3，9） respectively，and the scores of the energy deficiency symptom cluster were 6（8，18） and 14（8，19） respectively，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The quality of life scores of the experimental group and the control group were（82.06 ± 9.89） and（73.86 ± 13.08） respectively，with statistically significant differences（P=0.004）. No adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion The resistance exercise program is scientific，safe and feasible，which can improve the surgery-related symptoms and energy deficiency symptoms，and improve the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer after surgery.

An empirical study of a program for lung transplant candidates with sarcopenia

ZENG Fei, LAN Meijuan, GU Peipei, WANG Yandie, CAI Lingyun, ZHU Qianyin

2025, 60(13):  1581-1587.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.008

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Objective This study aimed to develop and empirically evaluate a sarcopenia management program for lung transplant candidates based on the Transtheoretical Model（TTM）. The objective was to improve preoperative muscle condition and enhance patients’ tolerance to lung transplantation. Methods Using the TTM as the theoretical framework，the sarcopenia management program was developed through a literature review and 2 rounds of expert consultations. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit inpatients from the lung transplant department of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province between January 2022 and January 2024. Patients admitted between February 2023 and January 2024 were assigned to an intervention group，while those admitted between January 2022 and January 2023 were allocated to a control group. The intervention group received an 8-week sarcopenia management program based on the TTM in addition to standard prehabilitation care，whereas the control group received only standard prehabilitation care. Outcome measurements included pre- and post-intervention comparisons of the modified Strength，Assistance with Walking，Rise from a Chair，Climb Stairs，Falls，and Calf Circumference（SARC-CalF） score，handgrip strength，6-minute walking distance（6MWD），and upper arm circumference，as well as their respective changes before and after the intervention. Additionally，stage-based behavioral change assessment and adverse event incidence were compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 8 patients from the intervention group and 9 from the control group dropped out，resulting in a final sample of 32 patients in the intervention group and 31 in the control group. Compared to the control group，the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in SARC-CalF scores，handgrip strength，6MWD，and upper arm circumference（P<0.05）. After the intervention，the intervention group had a statistically significant difference in behavioral stage transition compared to the control group（P<0.05）. During the intervention process，neither group experienced any adverse events. Conclusion The sarcopenia management program based on the TTM effectively improved patient adherence，enhanced preoperative muscle condition，and demonstrated potential benefits in improving physical function and nutritional status.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of frailty in patients aged 75 and above after percutaneous coronary intervention

CHEN Yang, WANG Shiyu, GAO Chuan, CAI Wenqing, SU Yajing, ZHANG Yumeng, LI Qingyin

2025, 60(13):  1588-1594.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.009

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Objective To evaluate the frailty status and risk factors among hospitalized elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI），and to provide a reference for improving and delaying their frailty. Methods From March to August 2024，using convenience sampling，patients aged over 75 years who underwent PCI in a tertiary cardiovascular disease specialist hospital in Beijing were selected as the survey participants. Patient-related informations were collected through a self-designed general information questionnaire. The Fried Phenotype Frailty Scale，the Katz Activities of Daily Living，Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living（IADL） scale，the Charlson Comorbidity Index，the Morse Fall Scale，the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form（MNA-SF），and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS-15） were evaluated postoperatively until discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with frailty among patients after PCI. Results A total of 278 patients were included. The incidence of frailty after PCI was 52.16%. Based on Fried Phenotype scores，patients were divided into a non-frail group and a frail group. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age，gender，hemoglobin，NT-ProBNP，LVEF，IADL scores，living alone status，nutrition status，falls risk，and depression level（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age，Lawton IADL scores，falls risk，nutrition status，depression level were factors influencing frailty，with odds ratios of 1.167，0.575，1.597，0.399，and 3.610，respectively（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of frailty is high among patients aged over 75 years after PCI，and there are multiple risk factors affecting their frailty status. Clinical healthcare providers should prioritize long-term management of these patients and implement comprehensive interventions with the consideration of their physiological，psychological，and social conditions.

Potential profiling analysis and influencing factors of apathy among stroke patients

LI Hua, ZHOU Jing, ZU Baifa, WU Fuchen, YAO Ensheng

2025, 60(13):  1595-1602.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.010

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Objective To identify the potential categories and influencing factors of apathy in stroke patients，providing a basis for precise typing and individualized interventions by healthcare professionals. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，stroke patients from 2 tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang Uggur Automous Region were selected from November 2023 to August 2024，and were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire，Apathy Evaluation Scale-Informant，Perceived Autonomy Scale，and Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.The latent profile analysis was used to identify potential categories of apathy，and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the differences in the characteristics of patients in different categories. Results The apathy symptoms of 521 stroke patients could be divided into 3 potential categories：mild apathy group（23.6%），moderate apathy-low interest-low behavioral group （46.5%），and heavy apathy-low interest-low cognitive group（29.9%）. Logistic regression showed that age 45~<60 years，duration of the disease <6 months，and high rehabilitation self-efficacy were the common protective factors of the moderate apathy-low interest-low behavioral group and the heavy apathy-low interest-low cognitive group.The dependence on activities of daily living was a risk factor for the moderate apathy-low interest-low behavioral group，and high perception of autonomy was a protective factor for the heavy apathy-low interest-low cognitive group. Conclusion Apathy symptoms in stroke patients are characterized by distinct categories，which are influenced by age，stroke duration，ADL，rehabilitation self-efficacy，and perception of autonomy. Healthcare professionals should adopt effective strategies to precisely intervene based on different potential categories of protective factors and risk factors to alleviate their apathy.

The study of contributors and obstacles to the evidence transformation of airway humidification management for hospitalized patients who receive laryngectomy and tracheostomy without mechanical ventilation

LUO Mingyue, ZHENG Ting, PAN Le, LI Yajie, ZHANG Shumeng, DUAN Xinyu, DING Yongxia

2025, 60(13):  1603-1609.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.011

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Objective To explore the potential contributors and obstacles of evidence translation for airway humidification management in hospitalized patients with laryngectomy tracheostomy and non-mechanical ventilation，so as to provide references for clinical evidence-based practice. Methods An interview outline and questionnaire were developed according to the consolidated framework for implementation research（CFIR）. Using purposive sampling，12 healthcare professionals from Department of Otorhinolaryngology，Head and Neck Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province were recruited for semi-structured interviews，and thematic analysis was applied to extract main themes. The interview themes were transformed into survey items，and a survey was conducted among 42 healthcare professionals in the same department. Results Totally 16 contributors and 20 obstacles were identified across 4 domains：the credibility of the evidence and research team，the external support environment for evidence-based practice，the internal conditions for evidence-based practice，and the role recognition of implementers. Contributors include efficient internal collaboration and communication，and rigorous processes for evidence acquisition. Obstacles include insufficient educational resources，low patient knowledge acceptance capacity，lack of professional value among healthcare staff. Conclusion Evidence translation of the humidification management for patients with non-mechanical ventilation after laryngectomy and tracheostomy was influenced by various factors. Future efforts should focus on constructing targeted airway humidification education content and an evaluation index system，and enhancing the professional value and practical leadership of nursing staff.

Impact of productive engagement on demoralization syndrome and its threshold effect in elderly patients with chronic diseases and nursing enlightenment

LIU Rui, WU Min, ZHAO Yunfeng, XU Caijie, WANG Yue, PAN Aihong

2025, 60(13):  1610-1616.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.012

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Objective To explore the impact and threshold effect of productive engagement on the elderly patients with chronic diseases with demoralization syndrome，and to provide theoretical basis for further improving the elderly patients with chronic diseases with demoralization syndrome. Methods A total of 350 elderly patients with chronic diseases from July to December 2024 in a tertiary hospital in Hefei were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method，and the general information questionnaire，Productive Engagement Scale and Demoralization Scale-Ⅱ were used for investigation. Using multiple stratified regression analysis to explore the impact of participation in productive activities on dementia syndrome in elderly patients with chronic diseases，and conducting threshold effect analysis. Results 341 valid questionnaires were collected. The score of demoralization syndrome in elderly patients with chronic diseases was 14.00（11.00，17.00），and the score of productive engagement was 37.00（29.50，46.00）. Stratified regression analysis showed that productive engagement could independently explain 8.7% of the variance（P<0.05）. Curve fitting and threshold effect analysis showed that the degree of demoralization syndrome was not affected when the score of productive engagement of elderly patients with chronic diseases was ≤27 points（P>0.05），and it was decreased with the increasing of productive engagement score >27 points（P<0.001）. Conclusion The demoralization syndrome of elderly patients with chronic diseases were in the middle level，and productive engagement is negatively correlated with demoralization syndrome. Healthcare professionals can improve the level of demoralization syndrome by encouraging elderly patients with chronic diseases to actively participate in productive engagement activities.

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Acquisition of the standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients among 1 350 nurses：a cross-sectional study

SHI Haiyan, HAN Zhongyan, MA Xiao, DING Yu, NIE Dan, ZHANG Lijuan, YANG Shanshan, REN Aixia, MA Yanlan

2025, 60(13):  1617-1623.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.013

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Objective To investigate the acquisition of the “standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients” of Chinese Nursing Association，and its influencing factors，so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs. Methods A multi-centered，cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023，and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units，gastroenterology，neurology，geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method. The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses’ knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance. Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected. Only 61.63% of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard. The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was（61.09±13.56）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows：education level，professional title，job position，intubation experience within half a year，and corresponding achievements（P<0.05）. Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion. Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors，so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.

Nursing Quality and Safety

Construction and validation of a digital and intelligent competence training program for specialized nurses in Central Sterile Supply Departments

GUO Yuanzhi, YAO Zhuoya, WANG Junjie, ZHAO Pei, ZHAN Meng, WANG Junfeng, LI Manchun

2025, 60(13):  1624-1630.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.014

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Objective To construct the training program for the digital and intelligent capabilities of specialized nurses in the Central Sterile Supply Department（CSSD），and conduct preliminary practice to provide talent support for the intelligent development of CSSD. Methods From February to April 2024，based on the core technologies of digital intelligence and related core capabilities，a training program for digital intelligence-related competencies of CSSD specialized nurses was constructed using literature review and the Delphi expert consultation method. From July to August 2024，the program was initially implemented in the training of CSSD specialized nurses. The nurses’ information competency before and after the training was compared，and the nurses’ satisfaction with the digital intelligence-related training program was assessed. Results This study conducted 2 rounds of expert consultation via questionnaire. The effective recovery rate of the questionnaires in both rounds was 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.790 and 0.800，respectively，and the variation coefficients ranged from 0 to 0.229 and 0 to 0.105. Ultimately，a training program for the digital-related competencies of CSSD specialty nurses was established，which includes 4 components：training objectives，training content，training methods，and assessment methods. Specifically，there were 3 indicators at the first level and 14 at the second level for training objectives，6 indicators at the first level and 32 at the second level for training content，and 6 indicators at the first level for training methods and assessment methods. After the implementation of the training program，the information competency of the nurses in all dimensions and the total score were significantly higher than those before training（P<0.05）. Moreover，the average scores for the training content，training methods，and assessment methods were all above 3 points，indicating a high overall satisfaction among the nurses. Conclusion The construction process of the training program for the digital and intelligent capabilities of CSSD specialty nurses is scientific and reliable. The content is highly practical and distinctive in its specialty. The training methods and assessment approaches are diverse. This program can enhance nurses’ information competency and provide a reference for the implementation of digital and intelligent training for CSSD specialty nurses.

Investigation of the reprocessing of multiplexing disinfectant items in central sterile supply departments of 1 603 hospitals in China

LI Xiaoli, LI Baohua, KANG Jie, FU Wenjun, NIU Chang, OU Shan, LI Xue

2025, 60(13):  1631-1637.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.015

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Objective To understand the current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in the central sterile supply departments（CSSD） of hospitals and provide a scientific basis for further standardized management. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，a self-designed questionnaire on the current situation of reprocessing of reusable disinfection items in CSSDs was used to conduct a survey in 31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities） from June 11th to 23rd，2024. The questionnaire covered 2 aspects，including the basic situation of the hospital and the reprocessing of disinfection items. Results A total of 1 835 questionnaires were distributed，and 1 603 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Regarding the use of reusable disinfection items，with the most frequently used items being humidification bottles，tourniquets，breathing bags and their accessories，and ventilator tubing systems etc. Among them，1 558 hospitals（97.19%） established standardized disposal procedures，and 996 hospitals（62.13%） assigned dedica-ted personnel to be responsible. In terms of the reprocessing procedures of reusable disinfection items，all 1 603 hospitals carried out drying process for the items；the main packaging method was plastic self-sealing bags （59.95%），and 541 hospitals （33.75%） sterilized the packaging materials. Additionally，935 hospitals（58.33%） used oil-free air compressors；among them，51 hospitals（58.62%） installed activated carbon filters at the end of the compressors. Conclusion The current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in CSSDs of nationwide hospitals needs improvement. It is recommended to strengthen the training of professional disinfection knowledge，unify the sterilization standards for plastic self-sealing bags，develop a storage management system，and adopt a medical air compressor system without oil and water to reduce the risk of hospital infections.

Rare Disease and Critical Care

Nursing care of a patient with T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with excessive dynamic airway collapse

DONG Zhenyuan, QIAO Wenbo, LIN Yan, CHEN Tingting, GAO Chunhua, CHU Junqing

2025, 60(13):  1638-1641.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.016

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To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with excessive dynamic airway collapse. Key nursing points include：efficient treatment of airway collapse to avoid causes of airway hyper responsiveness；avoiding the blockage of phlegm suppository，ensuring a safe and smooth airway；preventing the risks of hemorrhage and thrombosis，and strictly implement hospital infection prevention and control measures. After active rescue and careful nursing care，the patient was transferred back to the general thoracic surgery ward 13 days later，improved 17 days later，and was admitted to the cancer hospital for continued treatment.

Emergency care for a patient with severe hypothermia Parkinson's disease complicated with cardiac arrhy-thmia

WANG Yuwei, ZHOU Shuaishuai, YAN Danping, LIU Yajie, WANG Meiling, XU Shurong, WANG Sa

2025, 60(13):  1642-1645.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.017

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This report summarizes the emergency care and nursing interventions for a Parkinson's disease patient with severe hypothermia complicated by ventricular arrhythmia. Key nursing points included continuous core temperature monitoring with goal-directed，phased，progressive rewarming；proactive identification and rapid response to arrhythmias；precise fluid management and skin protection to dynamically optimize blood perfusion and pressure redistribution；vigilant prevention and early intervention of hypothermia-related complications. With multidisciplinary treatment and meticulous nursing care，the patient was successfully discharged after 17 days of hospitalization with a favorable recovery. At the three-month follow-up after discharge，the patient had recovered well with no recurrence of similar episodes.

Nursing care of a patient with right-sided aortic arch and thoracic aortic aneurysm complicated with acute coronary syndrome after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

SHAO Yafang, WANG Shuyuan, WENG Qiaoli, QIU Yan

2025, 60(13):  1646-1650.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.018

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This study summarized the nursing experience of a patient with right-sided aortic arch and kommerell's diverticulum and thoracic aortic aneurysm complicated with acute coronary syndrome after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The nursing points are as follows：optimizing emergency procedures to improve the quality of rescue；monitoring the condition of the patient dynamically to prevent postoperative complications；developing personalized rehabilitation training to promote postoperative recovery；implementing “Internet+” follow-up management to improve treatment compliance. After the comprehensive management of a multidisciplinary team and careful nursing care，the patient was discharged 12 days after operation. During 18-month follow-up，the patient was in good condition.

Review

Overview of the application scope of image reshaping technology in patients with mental disorders

MIAO Yingying, LI Juan, XU Hui, ZHANG Yi, LI Xin, LIU Huili

2025, 60(13):  1651-1657.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.019

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Objective The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the application of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders，and provide theoretical bases for the clinical practice of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders in China. Methods Based on the Evidence Integration Handbook published by the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia as the methodological guidance framework for this scope review，a systematic search was conducted on relevant studies on the application of image reshaping in patients with mental disorders from 12 domestic and foreign databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to January 31，2025，and the researchers summarized and analyzed the included literature. Results 18 articles were ultimately included. The core intervention process of image reshaping includes trauma memory recall，image rewriting，and constructing positive outcomes. The forms of intervention include face-to-face intervention，online intervention，and self-directed intervention. The intervention period is 1~17 weeks，and the intervention frequency is usually 1~2 times a week，with each intervention lasting 11-90 minutes. Image reshaping has significant effects on improving patients’ emotions and psychological states，cognition and beliefs，behavior and function. Conclusion Image reshaping has a standardized intervention process that can effectively improve patients’ emotional，cognitive，and behavioral functions. Future research should explore its optimal intervention plans and further test its applicability in different cultural backgrounds.

A scoping review of application of non-invasive brain computer interface technology in upper limb functional rehabilitation of stroke patients and nursing implications

ZHANG Lin, ZHENG Yaxing, XIONG Tao, LONG Jun, CHEN Changrong

2025, 60(13):  1658-1664.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.13.020

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Objective A scoping review was conducted on relevant studies regarding the use of non-invasive brain-computer interface（BCI） technology to promote the rehabilitation of upper limb function in stroke patients，aiming to provide new ideas and references for the rehabilitation nursing of stroke patients. Methods Relevant studies on non-invasive BCI in upper limb functional rehabilitation of stroke patients were searched through computer system including Chinese biomedical literature database，Wanfang database，CNKI，VIP database，Cochrane Library，PubMed，Embase and Web of Science. The search period was from the establishment of the database to December 6，2024，and the included literature was sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 23 articles were included，involving 1 235 stroke patients. Non-invasive brain-computer interface technology mainly includes brain-computer interface based on motion imagination combined with virtual reality technology，functional electrical stimulation and exoskeleton robot. The main evaluation indexes were Fugl-Meyer upper extremity partial scale，modified Barthel index，event related desynchronization intensity，upper limb motor function rating scale，etc. Non-invasive brain-computer interface technology can improve upper limb function，self-care ability and stimulation of cerebral cortex in stroke patients. Conclusion Non-invasive brain-computer interface technology is feasible and effective in upper limb functional rehabilitation training of stroke patients，but there are few relevant studies. In the future，a new era multidisciplinary rehabilitation model can be built，and scientific and practical evaluation indicators were formulated to promote rapid rehabilitation of stroke patients.