Table of Content

10 June 2025, Volume 60 Issue 11

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Research and Management of Intestinal Disease Care

Expert consensus on the management of low anterior resection syndrome in patients after rectal cancer surgery/Surgical Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association

Writing Committee：LI Hongyan, SUN Jianan, ZHANG Qing, WANG Yanjun, WANG Meiling, HU Haiyan, WANG Quan, HU Kaili, YE Yingjiang, HU Jieman, LIU Ying, WANG Hui

2025, 60(11):  1285-1288.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.001

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Objective To establish an expert consensus on the management of low anterior resection syndrome （LARS） in patients with rectal cancer post-surgery（hereinafter referred to as “consensus”），aiming to standardize the related work of medical institutions in the context of post-operative LARS. Methods A comprehensive search of domestic and international databases was conducted to collect guidelines，expert consensuses，systematic reviews，evidence summaries，and original research related to post-operative LARS in rectal cancer published from the establishment of the databases until August 2024. Based on clinical practice experience，a preliminary draft of the “consensus” was formed. From September to November 2024，22 experts were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert consultations，during which the draft content was revised and improved，and the final version of the “consensus” was determined through expert validation. Results A total of 22 experts responded，achieving a response rate of 100%. The effective recovery rate of the consultation questionnaires in both rounds was 100%，with an expert authority coefficient of 0.89，a judgment coefficient of 0.97，and a familiarity degree of 0.84. The Kendall harmony coefficients for the 2 rounds of expert consultations were 0.122 and 0.136，respectively（P<0.001）. This consensus covers 5 main aspects：definition，assessment，prevention，treatment，and follow-up management of LARS. Conclusion This consensus demonstrates a high level of scientific rigor and can provide a strong reference for clinical nursing personnel in the specialized care of rectal cancer patients with post-operative LARS.

Research on the application of relaxation training combined with exercise intervention in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

YUE Jingyan, HANG Cheng, LIU Wei, ZHANG Lufen, GENG Qian, MENG Weifen, ZHU Shuqin

2025, 60(11):  1288-1294.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.002

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Objective Analysis of the effects of relaxation training combined with exercise intervention in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy，aiming to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods Using a convenience sampling method，80 colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the oncology ward of a tertiary A hospital in Changzhou，Jiangsu Province from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as study subjects. Patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method，with 40 patients in each group. The experimental group received relaxation training combined with exercise interventionin addition to routine care provided to the control group. The control group received routine care. Differences in 6-minute walking distance，anxiety，depression and quality of life scores before and after six chemotherapy cycles were compared between the 2 groups. Results Finally，70 patients completed the intervention，with 35 patients in each group. After the intervention，there were differences in 6-minute walking distance，anxiety scores，depression scores，and overall health status scores between the 2 groups were all statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Relaxation training combined with exercise intervention can maintain exercise endurance in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and alleviate anxiety and depression to some extent，helping to improve patients’ quality of life.

Latent profile analysis and nursing implications of emotional inhibition in stoma patients with colorectal cancer

XU Caijie, XU Peili, PAN Aihong, WANG Yue, WU Min, LIU Rui, WU Yuyan, ZHAO Yunfeng

2025, 60(11):  1295-1301.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.003

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Objective This study aims to investigate the current status and potential profiles of emotional inhibition in stoma patients with colorectal cancer，to analyze the differences and influencing factors，and thereby provide a basis for the development of intervention strategies. Methods A convenience sample of 348 colorectal cancer patients with ostomies was recruited from colorectal surgery departments and ostomy outpatient clinics of a tertiary A hospital in Anhui Province. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire，Emotional Inhibition Scale，Chinese Perceived Stress Scale，10 item Conner Davidson Resilience Scale，and Family Care Index Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3，while univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Results Valid questionnaires were collected from 336 participants（response rate 96.6%）. Colorectal cancer patients with ostomies demonstrated a mean emotional inhibition score of 30.84±10.49. Latent profile analysis identified 3 distinct emotional inhibition patterns：high inhibition-suppressive type（31.25%），moderate inhibition-adaptive type（39.88%），and low inhibition-excessive type（28.87%）. Gender，residential location，household income per capita，ostomy self-care proficiency，perceived stress levels，psychological resilience scores and family functioning status emerged as significant determinants of emotional inhibition heterogeneity among colorectal cancer patients with ostomies across distinct latent profiles（P<0.05）. Conclusion Colorectal cancer patients with ostomies exhibit significant heterogeneity in emotional inhibition profiles. Clinicians should conduct early identification of these latent classes through standardized assessments and develop tailored interventions to improve emotional inhibition outcomes in this clinical population.

Study on the current situation of frailty and influencing factors in elderly patients with colorectal cancer before surgery

ZHANG Siyuan, GAO Huanling, LIU Lihong, LI Hongmei, CHEN Weijing, DU Xiaolong

2025, 60(11):  1302-1308.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.004

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Objective To analyze the influencing factors and action paths of frailty in elderly patients with colorectal cancer，so as to provide a theoretical clinical intervention. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted. A total of 254 elderly patients with colorectal cancer who were scheduled for elective surgery in a tertiary A hospital in Shanxi Province from March 2023 to September 2024 were selected as the research subjects. General information questionnaires，Fried frailty phenotype，Perceived Ageism Scale，Multidimensional Assessment Scale of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2-Chinese，Cancer Patient Self-Management Assessment Scale，and Anderson Symptom Inventory were used for the investigation，and a structural equation model was constructed. Results The incidence of frailty in elderly colorectal cancer patients before surgery is 38.98%.Anderson Symptom Assessment and Perceived Ageism were positively correlated with frailty（r=0.534，0.568，P<0.01），while interoceptive sensitivity and the self-management level were negatively correlated with frailty（r=-0.444，-0.659，P<0.01）. Self-management behavior had only a direct effect on patients’ frailty（β=-0.349，P<0.001），while Anderson Symptom Assessment，perceived age discrimination and interoceptive sensitivity had both direct and indirect effects on patients’ frailty（direct effects β=0.235，0.287，-0.220；indirect effects β=0.147，0.090，-0.113；all P<0.001）. Conclusion The incidence of frailty in elderly patients with colorectal cancer before surgery is high. Attention should be paid to patients who are elderly，female and have a low level of education. Medical staff can take targeted measures to enhance patients’ interoceptive concentration and stability，so that patients can better monitor and regulate their bodies and emotions，and improve their health-promoting decisions and behaviors. At the same time，attention should also be paid to the problem of age discrimination to create a good medical environment for patients.

Longitudinal study on core symptoms and nursing strategies for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy

ZHENG Cunfeng, WANG Zheng, LIU Haijing, GAO Jie, QIN Ya, ZHANG Qing

2025, 60(11):  1309-1315.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.005

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Objective To explore the changes in symptom clusters and core symptoms at different stages in colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy，and to provide a reference for developing precise symptom management strategies in clinical practice. Methods 300 colorectal cancer patients who underwent postoperative chemotherapy at 2 tertiary hospitals in Tianjin from August 2023 to May 2024 were conveniently selected as the study subjects. General information questionnaires and the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Colorectal Cancer were used to survey patients during the first chemotherapy cycle（T1） and the third chemotherapy cycle（T2）. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters；R language was used to construct symptom networks. Results 300 questionnaires were distributed and collected at T1，and 264 questionnaires were distributed and collected at T2，with a recovery rate of 88.00%. Colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy had 5 symptom clusters at T1，and 4 symptom clusters at T2. In the symptom network，distress was the symptom with the highest strength（r_s=1.188），closeness centrality（r_c=0.004），and betweenness centrality（r_b=36） at T1. Distress was the symptom with the highest strength（r_s=1.397），while decreased appetite had the highest closeness centrality（r_c=0.004） and betweenness centrality（r_b=39） at T2. Conclusion The symptom clusters in colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy remain stable over time. Distress is a stable core symptom during chemotherapy，while decreased appetite is a bridging symptom in the mid-chemotherapy phase. Healthcare providers should prioritize interventions for decreased appetite while addressing emotional symptoms to improve the efficiency of symptom management.

Influencing factors and nursing enlightenment of exercise self-efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

LUO Yanfang, ZHANG Leilei, ZHU Lingyun, YU Xiaoyan, LU Bingyuan, LIU Ying, LIU Tianhao, SUN Renjuan, SU Zhenzhen

2025, 60(11):  1315-1322.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.006

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Objective In this study，the potential profile characteristics of exercise self-efficacy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease（IBD） were explored，and the influencing factors of different types of patients were analyzed，so as to provide a reference for nurses to formulate standardized management measures. Methods From June 2023 to May 2024，a total of 342 hospitalized patients with IBD in tertiary A hospital in Wuxi were recruited as research subjects by a convenience sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire，Exercise Self-efficacy Scale，Exercise Behavioral Stage Distribution Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used for investigation. The latent profile analysis was conducted to classify exercise self-efficacy levels，while multiple Logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the influencing factors. Results A total of 320 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 93.57%. The total score of exercise self-efficacy for IBD patients was（64.61±14.83） points. The exercise self-efficacy was classified into 3 latent categories：low efficacy-somatic emotion group（n=64，20.00%），medium efficacy-work conflict group（n=158，49.38%），and high efficacy-social interference group（n=98，30.62%）. Occupation，recurrence times，comorbid chronic diseases，self-assessed economic pressure，and social support level were found to be influencing factors of the latent profile classification of exercise self-efficacy in IBD patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion The levels of exercise self-efficacy of patients with IBD are significantly heterogeneous，and there are several important influencing factors. Nursing staff should formulate targeted intervention strategies based on the characteristics of exercise self-efficacy in such patients，so as to improve patients’ exercise self-efficacy and the effectiveness of disease rehabilitation.

Experiences of food avoidance behavior in patients with inflammatory bowel disease:a qualitative study

WANG Qingyu, ZHOU Meijing, LEI Yang, LI Sha, GU Junyi, LIN Zheng, BIAN Qiugui, YANG Jiefeng, TANG Lichen, CHEN Jiali, CHENG Hantian

2025, 60(11):  1323-1329.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.007

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Objective This study applies Roy adaptation theory to deeply explore the experience of food avoidance behavior in patients with inflammatory bowel disease（IBD），offering insights for developing dietary management strategies. Methods A descriptive qualitative research method was employed. By purposive sampling，24 IBD patients hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from July 2022 to December 2024 were selected for semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. Results This study identified 4 main themes and 11 sub-themes，encompassing overattribution leading to inappropriate avoidance（recurrent symptoms triggering overattribution，disease staging triggering inappropriate avoidance），negative self-perception leading management struggles（illness fear diminishing self-efficacy，disease trauma eroding self-identity，knowledge deficiency constraining self-determination），functional impairment intensifying role challenges（role internalization undermining social function，social roles relinquishing dietary management），and external constraints amplifying practical difficulties（family and friend oversight heightening dietary stress，healthcare gaps fostering practical helplessness，traditional beliefs restricting dietary exploration，economic hardship limiting balanced nutrition）. Conclusion The interplay of overattribution，negative self-perception，functional impairment，and external constraints in IBD patients hinders their ability to adapt to disease fluctuations，ensnaring them in the adaptive predicament of food avoidance behavior. Healthcare professionals should comprehensively address these factors by fostering accurate perceptions，enhancing psychological support，guiding effective coping strategies，and optimizing external resources，thereby improving patients’ overall adaptive capacity and promoting their recovery.

Specialist Nursing Practice and Research

The effectiveness of targeted sonic vibration load brushing method in stroke patients with oral stage swallowing disorders

TANG Yifan, MAO Erli, WU Chuyan, ZHOU Qiumin, GUO Chuan, DING Hui, ZHOU Li, SUN Hui

2025, 60(11):  1330-1336.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.008

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Objective To evaluate the rehabilitative effect of targeted sonic vibration load brushing method in stroke patients with oral phase swallowing disorders. Methods A total of 60 stroke patients with swallowing disorders，who hospitalized in the rehabilitation department of a Grade III Class A hospital in Nanjing City from October 2023 to May 2024，were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group，with 30 patients in each group. Both groups received the conventional swallowing function training. The experimental group received targeted sonic vibration load brushing therapy，while the control group received routine oral care with manual toothbrushes. After 30 days of intervention，the swallowing function（Gugging Swallowing Screen，GUSS），modified Beck oral score，incidence of swallowing disorder-related complications，Swallowing Quality of Life（SWAL-QOL） scores，and oral care satisfaction were assessed in both groups. Results No sample detachment. After the intervention，the GUSS score for the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group，with a statistical difference（Z=-4.239， P<0.001）. Additionally，the modified Beck oral score and the overall complications rate related to swallowing disorders in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group（both P<0.05）. Furthermore，the SWAL-QOL score and the oral care satisfaction score were both higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group，with statistically significant differences（both P<0.001）. Conclusion Targeted sonic vibration load brushing method significantly improves swallowing function，enhances oral cleanliness，reduces the occurrence of swallowing disorder-related complications，and effectively improves patients’ quality of life and nursing satisfaction.

Application of health education based on gain and loss message framework in patients with high-risk diabetic foot

XIE Yusheng, HUANG Rongrong, LIU Zhaoqing, WANG Qiansha, WANG Zhuping, MING Yue, DU Yan, ZHANG Wei

2025, 60(11):  1336-1343.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.009

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Objective To explore the application effect of health education based on gain and loss message framing on the treatment behavior intention and self-management of patients with high-risk diabetic foot. Methods From July to September 2024，convenience sampling was used to select patients with high-risk diabetic foot who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of a tertiary general hospital in Guiyang as the study subjects. They were divided into 3 groups according to the admission time，with 30 patients in each group. The experimental group adopted health education based on gain message framing or framing loss message，while in the control group，health education was provided in a conventional manner. Before and after intervention，the differences of intervention effects among the 3 groups were compared by using diabetic foot pre-hospital delay intention questionnaire，diabetic foot care knowledge questionnaire and Chinese version of Nottingham foot care assessment scale（CNAFF）. Results Ultimately，29 cases in the gain framing group，29 cases in the loss framing group，and 29 cases in the control group completed the study. After intervention，the score of pre-hospital delay intention questionnaire of diabetic foot in the gain framing group was（21.48±4.32），and it was（24.31±2.49） in the loss framing group，and（17.76±5.03） in the control group. The difference among the 3 groups was statistically significant（F=18.725，P<0.001）；the loss framing group was superior to the gain framing group（P=0.01） and the control group（P<0.001）. After the intervention，the score of the CNAFF in the gain framing group was（55.83±3.06），and it was（59.14±2.90） in the loss framing group，and（48.66±2.58） in the control group. The difference between the 3 groups was statistically significant（F=102.245，P<0.001）. The loss framing group was superior to the gain framing group and the control group（all P<0.001）. Conclusion Health education based on the loss message framing is more conducive to improving patients’ intention to delay diabetic foot visits，leading to good foot care behaviors，and may provide an effective means of pre-hospital prevention and control of diabetic foot.

Construction and application of a decision support education program on hospice care for family members of patients with advanced cancer

CHEN Changlian, ZHUANG Shumei, CAO Jiayan, CHEN Xiwei, HAN Xuya, TANG Xinyu, XIE Jinjing, QIANG Wanmin

2025, 60(11):  1344-1351.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.010

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Objective To construct a decision support education program for the family members of patients with advanced cancer and to investigate its application effects，so as to improve understanding and acceptance of hospice care for family members of advanced cancer patients. Methods Using the Ottawa Decision Support Framework as a theoretical guide，the program was initially drafted based on a literature review，qualitative interview and expert consultation. From September 2023 to January 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select patients’ families in a tertiary-level hospital in Tianjin as the research subjects，and they were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received the decision support education program in addition to routine care，while the control group received routine care. Family members’ knowledge about hospice，the scores on the Death Attitude Profile Scale，and their willingness to choose hospice care were compared before and after the interventions. Results The program finally included 4 first-level items，15 second-level items，and 59 third-level items. During the program implementation phase，4 cases withdrew from the study，resulting in 46 cases in the experimental group and 47 cases in the control group. After intervention，the experimental group had higher scores on hospice knowledge and positive attitude towards death than the control group，while scores on negative attitude towards death were lower（P<0.05）；their willingness to choose hospice care for themselves and for the patients was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The hospice care decision support education program is scientific，feasible and practical，which can improve the knowledge of hospice care of the family members，improve their attitude towards death，and ultimately improve their willingness to choose hospice care.

Investigation on the management and nurses’ cognitive level of iodinated contrast media extravasation in Henan Province

SONG Yuanyuan, WANG Yu, HAO Ruonan, DONG Fangfang, HUANG Linlin, YANG Qiaofang, JIA Xiaohui, BAI Shan

2025, 60(11):  1351-1358.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.011

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Objective To investigate the status of management of iodinated contrast media（ICM） extravasation in Henan Province，as well as nurses’ knowledge and influencing factors，in order to provide a basis for optimizing management strategies. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was applied，employing convenience sampling，to survey nursing administrators and nurses in the radiology departments of 55 tertiary hospitals across 16 regions of Henan Province，from December 2024 to January 2025. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing nurses’ knowledge. Results A total of 55 nursing administrators and 64 nurses participated，with a valid questionnaire response rate of 100%. The survey results reveal that only 5.45% of radiology departments utilized high-pressure central venous catheters，and 32.73% employed vascular visualization techniques. When setting the high-pressure injection speed for ICM，only 54.55% of radiology departments required an assessment of the type and model of intravenous access. Additionally，only 9.09% of radiology departments mandated an observation for 2 to 4 hours following ICM extravasation. Furthermore，only 50.91% of radiology departments had established an information system for ICM use. The nurses’ knowledge score regarding the prevention and management of ICM extravasation was（90.00±17.59），influenced by years of experience in radiology and professional titles（P<0.05）. Conclusion The prevention and management measures for ICM in radiology departments in Henan Province need further improvement. Nursing administrators should optimize management strategies，improve relevant training systems，and continuously enhance nurses’ knowledge and practical abilities.

Analysis of clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry

GU Jianing, XU Dongmei, SHAO Jing, GAO Jing, CAI Zhuang, QU Yanhua, YE Xiaolu, ZHANG Mengqian, MEI Dongli, ZHANG Yanhong, YANG Bo, CHENG Gen, WANG Lina, YE Junrong, LIN Ruiyue, ZHOU Yongling, MA Runjuan

2025, 60(11):  1359-1365.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.012

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Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry，and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus. Methods By the convenience sampling method，a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15，2024. The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines（version 2.0） and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus. Results A total of 7，844 valid questionnaires were collected，with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78%. The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score（64.72%） and the highest acceptability score（76.74%）. The results showed that nurses’ receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions（P<0.05）. 4，774 participants（87.42%） believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses’ restraint operations. The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51%，and the economic ratio was 76.87%. Among the evaluators，1，739 （22.17%） believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus. Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good，and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations. In the future，efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus，develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions，and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus，so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

The current status and influencing factors analysis of frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients at home

ZHANG Lei, NIE Fang, PENG Wenjun, GUO Liqun, LIU Shan, HUANG Xinyue, FENG Zhifen

2025, 60(11):  1366-1372.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.013

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Objective To investigate the current situation of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide bases for early identification of high-risk groups and targeted clinical intervention. Methods From October to December 2024，205 home-based peritoneal dialysis patients under long-term follow-up at a tertiary A hospital in Zhongshan，Guangdong Province，were selected by convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire，Fried Phenotype Scale，Nutritional Risk Screening Tool，Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale，and Social Support Rating Scale were used to investigate the influencing factors of frailty in home-based peritoneal dialysis patients by ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 201 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of frailty among home-based peritoneal dialysis patients was 24.3%，while 39.3% were in the pre-frailty stage，and 36.3% showed no frailty. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age，residence location，primary disease，sleep status，serum albumin concentration，and exercise self-efficacy level were influencing factors of frailty in the home peritoneal dialysis patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis is higher，and patients with advanced age，living in rural areas，other types of primary diseases，insomnia，low serum albumin concentration and low exercise self-efficacy are more likely to develop frailty. Specialist doctors and nurses of peritoneal dialysis should pay attention to the early screening of frailty in patients with peritoneal dialysis at home，and take personalized intervention measures to prevent or delay the occurrence of frailty according to the relevant risk factors.

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Construction and application of an enteral nutrition management system for critically ill patients

ZHANG Li, WU Yixue, CHEN Fangfang, ZHANG Yiqing, ZHENG Shi, XU Huina

2025, 60(11):  1373-1379.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.014

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Objective To develop an enteral nutrition management system for critically ill patients and assess its application outcomes to standardize enteral nutrition management. Methods Based on relevant guidelines and indicator systems，a management system for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients was constructed，consisting of 4 modules：nutritional screening and assessment，nutritional implementation，nutritional monitoring，and statistical analysis. A convenience sampling method was used to select enteral nutrition patients and healthcare staff from the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Ningbo. Data from January to February 2024 served as an experimental group，while data from January to February 2023 constituted a control group. The 2 groups were compared regarding nutritional risk screening rate，feeding interruption rate，completion rate of the enteral nutrition plan，and incidence of complications. At the same time，the system’s effectiveness was assessed by healthcare professionals using the clinical nursing information system effectiveness evaluation form. Results The study included 111 patients in the experimental group and 101 patients in the control group. The experimental group exhibited a significantly higher nutritional risk screening rate and enteral nutrition plan completion rate，as well as significantly lower feeding interruption rate and incidence of mechanical complications compared to the control group（P<0.05）. The system received a high effectiveness rating，with an average score of 104.73±9.34. Conclusion The application of the enteral nutrition management system effectively improves the nutritional risk screening rate and completion rate of enteral nutrition plans，while reducing both the feeding interruption rate and the incidence of mechanical complications. Healthcare staff highly rated the system.

Nursing care for nutritional support treatment in a child with short bowel syndrome undergoing small intestine transplantation

LI Chengjuan, MA Peifang, GAO Xinglian, YU Ying, WANG Quan, SONG Bilin, XIONG Danli

2025, 60(11):  1380-1384.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.015

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Summarizing the nursing experience of nutritional support therapy during the perioperative period for a child with short bowel syndrome undergoing small intestine transplantation. Nursing key points：dynamic assessment of nutritional risk，development and timely adjustment of nutritional support programs；implementation of nutritional support strategies to promote growth and development；combination with exercise interventions to improve nutritional status；to strengthen the monitoring of rejection，to promote the recovery of intestinal function；to strengthen the continuity of care，and do a good job of nutritional monitoring and guidance. After 141 days of careful treatment and nursing care，the child was discharged successfully.

Rare Disease and Critical Care

Nursing care of a patient undergoing percutaneous transluminal septal branch microsphere embolization combined with MitraClip procedure

WANG Xingqi, HE Hui, LIU Shunting, FANG Xia

2025, 60(11):  1385-1388.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.016

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This article summarizes the nursing experience of a patient who underwent percutaneous transluminal septal branch microsphere embolization combined with MitraClip surgery. Nursing key points：before the operation，a multidisciplinary case nursing team was established to jointly optimize the surgical risk plan；checklist-based nursing management was adopted to fully implement preoperative preparations；dynamic psychological assessment was conducted and early psychological intervention was carried out. Intraoperative monitoring and prevention of complications were well implemented. Postoperative care：close monitoring of cardiac function；good volume management to maintain electrolyte balance；implementation of risk management for bleeding or thrombosis；enhanced care for urethral bleeding.The patient was discharged 11 days after the operation and followed up for 3 months. The 6-minute walk distance increased from 240 m before the operation to 560 m，and the patient returned to normal life.

Nursing care of a patient with Hashimoto’s encephalopathy accompanied by cerebral edema and epileptic seizures

CHEN Meixue, FENG Mei, LIN Qingran, LAN Jingru, SHAN Miaohang, LÜ Weitao

2025, 60(11):  1389-1393.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.017

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This article aims to summarize the nursing experience of a patient with Hashimoto’s encephalopathy accompanied by cerebral edema and epileptic seizures. The key nursing points：to strengthen nursing care for cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension to reduce brain injury；to comprehensively manage epileptic seizures to prevent and control serious complications；to carry out personalized Double Filtration Plasmapheresis nursing to optimize treatment effectiveness；to take proactive nursing measures to reduce the risk of infection；to implement multiple forms of psychological care to alleviate negative emotions of the patient and his families；to provide health guidance and regular follow-up to enhance the disease management capabilities of patients and his families. After 27 days of active treatment and meticulous care，the patient recovered and was discharged，with a good recovery during follow-up.

Review

Research progress on the impact of diaphragmatic function on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients and nursing implications

CHEN Tianchao, FENG Yueying, LAN Yuanmei, WU Haoqi, LIU Xinyi, BAI Yunfeng, ZHAO Mingxi, LUO Hongbo, LI Zunzhu, WU Xinjuan

2025, 60(11):  1394-1399.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.018

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Dysfunction of the diaphragm is a common problem in mechanically ventilated patients and is closely related to various adverse outcomes. This review summarizes the evaluation methods of diaphragm function，the association between diaphragm dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients，and the protective effect of diaphragm function on adverse outcomes related to mechanical ventilation. The aim is to provide references for medical staff to optimize evaluation techniques，develop personalized nursing plans，and improve patients’ quality of life and health outcomes.

Research progress in the application of digital therapeutics in diabetic foot patients

ZHANG Jie, DING Shanni, CHEN Ciai, XU Yihong, WANG Jianan, YUAN Hongdi, PAN Hongying

2025, 60(11):  1399-1404.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.019

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Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious chronic complications in diabetic patients. With the advancement of digital healthcare，digital therapy has been gradually implemented and promoted among diabetic foot patients as an emerging tool with the advantages of safety，efficiency，and intelligence that can make up for the shortcomings of traditional diabetic foot risk assessment，health education，and self-management. This study provides an overview of digital therapeutics，summarizes its application in patients with diabetic foot，and proposes relevant recommendations，aiming to provide a reference for improving the quality of life and satisfaction of patients with diabetic foot and reducing the recurrence of diabetic foot.

The application progress of dyadic interviews in nursing qualitative research

ZHANG Zhongyi, ZANG Zihan, SONG Junyang, JIN Yuanyuan, LI Huiling

2025, 60(11):  1405-1409.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.11.020

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Dyadic interviews can deeply reveal the complex interaction between dyads （eg，patients and their caregivers），and their importance in the field of nursing qualitative research has become increasingly prominent. Through a comprehensive literature review，this paper systematically combs the relevant literature of dyadic interviews，elaborates on the concept and application areas of dyadic interviews，deeply discusses 5 major forms of dyadic interviews and the analysis methods of dyadic data，illustrates with specific examples. The aim is to provide methodological guidance for Chinese nursing researchers and promote the scientific and standardized application of this method in the field of nursing qualitative research.