Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of empathy for pain among orthopedic nurses，analyze its latent profiles and associated demographic characteristics，and to inform the development of targeted interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Orthopedic nurses from secondary and tertiary hospitals in 16 cities of Shandong Province were recruited through convenience sampling between January and February 2025. A general information questionnaire，the Pain Empathy Scale，and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used for data collection. Latent profile analysis（LPA） was performed to identify subtypes of empathy for pain. Univariate and multinomial Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with these latent profiles. Results A total of 2，394 questionnaires were retrieved，of which 2，351 were valid，with a valid response rate of 98.20%. The mean score of empathy for pain was（2.89±0.78）points. A total of 4 latent classes were identified through LPA：the empathy-deficient class（17.14%），the low-empathy class（58.19%），the moderate-empathy class （20.50%），and the high-empathy class（4.17%）. Multinominal Logistic regression analysis revealed that the latent classes of pain empathy were significantly associated with years of clinical experience，history of significant trauma-related pain，attendance at pain empathy training，and psychological resilience（P<0.05）. Conclusion Empathy for pain among orthopedic nurses is heterogeneous and can be categorized into 4 latent profiles. Nursing managers should develop tailored interventions based on profile-specific factors to enhance pain empathy.

Key words: Orthopedic Nurse, Empathy for Pain, Latent Profile Analysis, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 探讨骨科护士疼痛共情现状并分析其影响因素，为制订针对性的骨科护士疼痛共情提升策略提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法，于2025年1—2月选取山东省16个地市二级及以上医院的骨科护士作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、疼痛共情量表、中文版心理弹性量表进行调查。对骨科护士疼痛共情进行潜在剖面分析，采用单因素分析和多分类Logistic回归分析识别其潜在剖面的影响因素。结果 回收问卷2 394份，其中有效问卷2 351份，有效问卷回收率为98.20%。骨科护士的疼痛共情得分为（2.89±0.78）分，骨科护士疼痛共情可分为共情缺失型（17.14%）、低共情型（58.19%）、适度共情型（20.50%）、高共情型（4.17%）4个潜在剖面，多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，工作年限、是否经历过较大创伤引起的疼痛、是否参加过疼痛共情相关培训和心理弹性是骨科护士疼痛共情潜在剖面的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 骨科护士疼痛共情特征存在异质性，可分为4个潜在剖面，护理管理者可根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素制订个性化的干预措施，以提升其疼痛共情水平。

关键词: 骨科护士, 疼痛共情, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 护理