Abstract:

Objective To explore the supportive care needs of heart transplant patients at different stages. Methods Purposive sampling method was used to select 15 heart transplant patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary A hospital in Guangdong Province from July 2023 to February 2024 as research subjects. According to the “Timing It Right” theory，5 semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients. Interpretive phenomenology was used to sort out and analyze the data. Results A total of 5 themes and 18 subthemes were extracted，including urgent desire for transplant information and psychological support during diagnosis，strong physiological and emotional needs during hospitalization，significant demand for health education in the preparation period for discharge，expectation of family support during the adjustment period，increasing demand for social support during the adaptation period. Conclusion The supportive care needs of heart transplant patients at different stages are dynamic. Medical staff should adopt the concept of dynamic and continuous care，and provide personalized care in stages，plans and continuance，in order to improve the quality of life of heart transplant patients.

Key words: Heart Transplantation, Supportive Care Need, Timing It Right, Longitudinal Study, Qualitative Research, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 探讨心脏移植患者不同阶段的支持性照护需求。方法 采用目的抽样法，选取2023年7月—2024年2月在广东省某三级甲等医院住院的15例心脏移植患者作为研究对象。根据时机理论，对患者进行5次半结构化访谈，采用解释现象学方法整理分析资料。结果 共提炼出诊断期迫切渴望获得移植信息与心理支持、住院治疗期生理与情感需求强烈、出院准备期健康教育需求显著、调整期期望获得家庭支持、适应期社会支持需求与日俱增等5个主题，18个亚主题。结论 心脏移植患者不同阶段的支持性照护需求是动态变化的。医护人员应采用动态连续的照护理念，分阶段、有计划、持续性提供个性化照护，从而提高心脏移植患者的生活质量。

关键词: 心脏移植, 支持性照护需求, 时机理论, 纵向研究, 质性研究, 护理