Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of lung lobe surface projection localization combined with lung segment drainage sputum technique on airway clearance in patients with aspiration pneumonia，providing a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 62 patients with perioperative aspiration pneumonia secondary to brain diseases admitted to a tertiary A hospital in Beijing from May 2022 to October 2024 as the research subjects. A total of 31 patients admitted from August 2023 to October 2024 were assigned to a control group，and 31 patients admitted from May 2022 to July 2023 were assigned to an experimental group. The experimental group received lung lobe surface projection positioning combined with lung segment drainage sputum technique on top of conventional back percussion sputum clearance technique，while the control group received conventional back percussion sputum clearance technique. After the intervention，the differences in oxygenation state，inflammatory test indicators，treatment efficiency，vital signs and frequency of suction coughing between 2 groups were compared. Results After the intervention，the experimental group showed better oxygenation index，frequency of suction coughing，white blood cell count，percentage of neutrophils，procalcitonin levels，interleukin-6 levels，and treatment efficiency compared to those in the control group（P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate，respiratory rate，and C-reactive protein levels between 2 groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Lung lobe surface projection positioning combined can effectively promote the patients with aspiration pneumonia of loosening of sputum in the lungs，improve airway clearance efficiency，enhance the patient’s pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange capacity，improve oxygenation levels，and reduce systemic inflammatory levels.

Key words: Aspiration Pneumonia, Airway Clearance Techniques, Postural Drainage, Chest Percussion and Vibration, Lower Cranial Nerve Palsies, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 探讨采用肺叶体表投影定位结合肺段引流排痰技术对吸入性肺炎患者气道廓清效果的影响，旨在为临床护理实践提供参考。 方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2022年5月—2024年10月北京市某三级甲等医院收治的62例颅脑疾病围手术期并发吸入性肺炎患者为研究对象，将2023年8月—2024年10月收治的31例患者作为试验组，将2022年5月—2023年7月收治的31例患者作为对照组，试验组在常规机械扣背排痰气道廓清技术的基础上实施肺叶体表投影定位结合肺段引流排痰技术，对照组实施常规机械扣背排痰气道廓清技术。干预后，比较两组氧合状态、炎性指标、治疗有效率、生命体征、吸咳痰次数的差异。 结果 干预后，试验组氧合指数、吸咳痰次数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原水平、白介素-6水平及治疗有效率均优于对照组（P<0.05），两组心率、呼吸频率、C反应蛋白比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 肺叶体表投影定位结合肺段引流排痰技术可有效促进吸入性肺炎患者肺部痰液松动，提高气道廓清效率及肺通气换气能力，改善氧合状态，降低全身炎症水平。

关键词: 吸入性肺炎, 气道廓清技术, 体位引流, 胸部叩拍与振动, 后组颅神经麻痹, 护理