Abstract:

Objective To identify user personas of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM），offering evidence for the promotion and implementation of intrinsic capacity in clinical practice. Methods An interpretive sequential mixed design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 6 medical community units radiated by a tertiary A Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital in Changshu city，Jiangsu province. A convenience sample of 693 older adults with T2DM in the community completed general information questionnaire and intrinsic capacity assessment scale from February 2024 to February 2025，and K-means clustering was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM. In the qualitative phase，a purposive sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 22 patients across different clusters by thematic analysis. The findings from both phases were integrated during the interpretation phase to conduct user persona. Results In all，664 of participants who returned responsive questionnaires were included for analysis，and 76.81% of community-dwelling older adults with T2DM showed a decline in intrinsic capacity. K-means clustering analysis outputs identify 3 groups. In qualitative data analysis，3 categories of intrinsic capacity characteristics among older adults with T2DM were refined，each encompassing 6 dimensions：cognitive，locomotion，vitality，psychological status，sensory perception，and promoting healthy behaviors dimensions. Totally 3 user personas were constructed，namely conflict-coping type dominated by psychological depletion，self-optimizing type dominated by sensory impairment，and support-dependent type dominated by cognitive decline. Conclusion The characteristic of intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM is diverse. Healthcare providers can implement categorized and personalized management by incorporating intrinsic capacity-based typologies among community-dwelling older adults with T2DM，enabling precise stabilization and optimization of intrinsic capacity to promote healthy aging.

Key words: Aged, Diabetes, Intrinsic Capacity, User Persona, Mixed-Method Study, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 探讨社区老年糖尿病患者内在能力类型和特征，以期为实施个性化的内在能力优化方案提供参考。方法 采用解释性序列混合研究设计，于2024年2月—2025年2月，采用便利抽样法，选取江苏省常熟市某三级甲等中医医院辐射的6个医共体单位的693例社区老年糖尿病患者为调查对象，应用一般资料调查问卷、内在能力评估工具进行调查，采用K-means均值聚类分析患者的内在能力分布特征；采用目的抽样法，选取22例社区老年糖尿病患者进行半结构式访谈，运用主题分析法分析访谈资料；最后整合2个部分结果构建用户画像。结果 量性研究中，最终回收有效问卷664份，76.81%的社区老年糖尿病患者存在内在能力下降；聚类分析识别出3类群体。质性研究中，社区老年糖尿病患者内在能力3类特征各提炼出认知能力、身体活动、活力、心理、感知觉和健康促进行为6个方面的内容。整合结果构建出心理损耗为主导的矛盾应对型、感知觉受损为主导的自主优化型和认知功能衰退为主导的支持依赖型3类用户画像。结论 社区老年糖尿病患者的内在能力特征具有多样性。医护人员可结合社区老年糖尿病患者内在能力特征的角色类型，实现分类与个性化管理相结合，精准维持稳定和优化患者内在能力。

关键词: 老年人, 糖尿病, 内在能力, 用户画像, 混合研究, 护理