初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的衰弱现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.06.004

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 749-756.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.06.004

• 血液系统疾病患者护理专题 • 上一篇下一篇

初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的衰弱现状及影响因素研究

张莹¹(), 杜若飞², 杨惠敏³^,^*(), 徐晓霞⁴, 李黎明⁵, 杜亚婷¹

1.河南科技大学护理学院洛阳市 471000
2.河南科技大学第一附属医院淋巴瘤病区洛阳市 471000
3.河南科技大学第一附属医院质量控制办公室洛阳市 471000
4.郑州大学附属肿瘤医院（河南省肿瘤医院）护理部郑州市 450000
5.河南省人民医院护理部郑州市 450000

收稿日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-23
*通讯作者: 杨惠敏，E-mail：yhm2011512@163.com
作者简介:张莹：女，本科（硕士在读），护士，E-mail：zy09170304@163.com
基金资助:
2022年度河南省医学重点（培育）学科建设项目

Study on current status and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm

ZHANG Ying¹(), DU Ruofei², YANG Huimin³^,^*(), XU Xiaoxia⁴, LI Liming⁵, DU Yating¹

1. School of Nursing，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang 471000，China
2. Lymphoma Ward，the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang 471000，China
3. Quality Control Office，the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang 471000，China
4. Department of Nursing，Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University（Henan Cancer Hospital），Zhengzhou 450000，China
5. Department of Nursing，Henan Provincial People’s Hospital，Zhengzhou 450000，China

Received:2025-07-02 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-23
Funding program:
Key Medical Disciplines Construction Project of Henan Province in 2022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的衰弱现状，分析相关影响因素，旨在为其衰弱的早期预防、及时识别和精准干预提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1—6月在河南省5所三级甲等医院血液内科住院的初诊血液肿瘤老年患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、Tilburg衰弱评估量表、蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表、简易体能状况量表、全面健康素养测量量表、广泛焦虑障碍量表、控制营养状况量表进行调查。采用单因素和Logistic回归分析探究初诊血液肿瘤老年患者衰弱的影响因素。结果发放问卷250份，回收有效问卷246份，有效问卷回收率为98.40%。初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的Tilburg衰弱评估量表得分为（5.11±2.73）分，衰弱发生率为51.22%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，疾病类型、婚姻状况、有无食欲下降、蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表得分、简易体能状况量表得分、广泛焦虑障碍量表得分、控制营养状况量表得分是初诊血液肿瘤老年患者衰弱的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论初诊血液肿瘤老年患者衰弱的发生率较高，其影响因素较多。医护人员应重视此类患者衰弱的评估，针对相关影响因素及时采取针对性的干预措施，以预防和延缓衰弱的发生及发展。

关键词: 老年人, 血液肿瘤, 衰弱, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematological neoplasm and analyze the related influencing factors，so as to provide a basis for early prevention，timely identification and precise intervention of frailty. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，250 elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm hospitalized in the hematology departments of 5 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from January to June in 2025 were selected as the survey participants. The general information questionnaire，Tilburg Frailty Assessment Scale，Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic Scale，Short Physical Performance Battery，Chinese version of the Comprehensive Health Literacy Scale，Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale，and Control Nutritional Status Score Scale were employed for the investigation. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm. Results A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 246 valid questionnaires were collected，with an effective recovery rate of 98.40%. The Tilburg Frailty Scale score of newly diagnosed elderly patients with hematological neoplasm was（5.11±2.73），and the incidence of frailty was 51.22%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that disease type，marital status，appetite loss，Montreal Cognitive Assessment basic scale score，Short Physical Performance battery score，Generalized anxiety disorder scale score，control of nutritional status score were the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of frailty is relatively high among elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm，and there are many influencing factors. Nurses should attach significance to the assessment of frailty in such patients and promptly adopt targeted intervention measures according to relevant influencing factors to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of frailty.

Key words: Aged, Hematologic Neoplasm, Frailty, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

张莹, 杜若飞, 杨惠敏, 徐晓霞, 李黎明, 杜亚婷. 初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的衰弱现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(6): 749-756.

ZHANG Ying, DU Ruofei, YANG Huimin, XU Xiaoxia, LI Liming, DU Yating. Study on current status and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(6): 749-756.

图/表 2

参考文献 29

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初诊血液肿瘤老年患者的衰弱现状及影响因素研究

Study on current status and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with newly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm

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