孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍的现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.15.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍的潜在剖面并分析不同剖面的影响因素，为制订精准化孕期身体活动干预策略提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2024年8—12月南京市某三级甲等妇产医院就诊的430例孕前超重或肥胖孕妇作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、孕期身体活动障碍量表、孕妇运动自我效能量表和孕妇身体意象量表进行问卷调查。对孕前超重或肥胖孕妇的身体活动障碍进行潜在剖面分析，采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析不同剖面类别的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷418份，有效问卷回收率为97.21%。孕前超重或肥胖孕妇的身体活动障碍总分为（100.57±17.46）分，可分为“低障碍-活动适应型”（17.22%）、“中障碍-活动波动型”（55.02%）和“高障碍-活动受限型”（27.75%）3个类别。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，家庭人均月收入、孕期医护人员运动指导、运动自我效能及身体意象是不同类别孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍具有明显的群体异质性，医护人员可根据不同剖面的类别特征及影响因素，制订精准化的护理干预措施，以减少其身体活动障碍的发生并延缓其发展，改善母婴妊娠结局。

关键词: 超重或肥胖, 孕妇, 身体活动, 身体活动障碍, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the potential profile of barriers to physical activity and its influencing factors among pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity，so as to provide evidence for developing precise physical activity interventions during pregnancy. Methods Convenience sampling was employed to investigate 430 pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity admitted to a tertiary A-level maternity hospital in Nanjing City from August to December 2024. Data was collected using the pregnant women’s general information questionnaire，Barriers to Physical Activity during Pregnancy Scale，Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale，Body Image in Pregnancy Scale. The latent profiles of barriers to physical activity in pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity，the influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by single-factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression. Results A total of 418 valid questionnaires were collected in this study，and 97.21% of the valid questionnaires were included. The total score of the barriers to physical activity was（100.57±17.46） points. Barriers to physical activity in pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity cancer could be divided into 3 latent profiles：low barrier-activity adaptive type （17.22%），moderate barrier-activity fluctuating type（55.02%） and high barrier-activity restricted type（27.75%）. Per capita monthly income of the family，exercise guidance from medical staff during pregnancy，exercise self-efficacy and body image were the factors influencing the barriers to physical activity in pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity（all P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in barriers to physical activity of pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity. According to the characteristics and influencing factors of different profile categories，medical staff can formulate precise nursing interventions to reduce the occurrence and development of barriers to physical activity and improve maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes.

Key words: Overweight or Obesity, Pregnant Women, Physical Activity, Barriers to Physical Activity, Latent Profile Analysis, Influencing Factors, Obstetrical Nursing

杨依云, 蒲丛珊, 丁雅捷, 张莹莹, 王义婷, 屈利洁. 孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(15): 2085-2092.

YANG Yiyun, PU Congshan, DING Yajie, ZHANG Yingying, WANG Yiting, QU Lijie. Current condition and influencing factors of barriers to physical activity among pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(15): 2085-2092.

图/表 4

表1 孕前超重或肥胖孕妇的一般资料及身体活动障碍潜在剖面的单因素分析[例（百分比，%）]

Table 1 General information and univariate analysis of potential profiles of barriers to physical activity among pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity[cases（percentage，%）]

表2 孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍潜在剖面模型的拟合指标（n=418）

Table 2 Model fitting results of potential profile analysis model for barriers to physical activity among pregnant women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity（n=418）

图1 孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍潜在剖面的特征分布

Figure 1 The characteristic distribution of potential profile of barriers to physical activity among pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity

表3 孕前超重或肥胖孕妇身体活动障碍潜在剖面影响因素的无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果（n=418）

Table 3 Unordered multicategorical logistic analysis of potential profile influences on physical activity among pregnant women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity（n=418）

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