养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力的潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力的现状，分析其潜在剖面特征与影响因素，为制订针对性的培训方案、提升其临终关怀水平提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法，于2025年3—5月选取天津市16所养老机构的305名养老护理员作为调查对象，使用一般资料调查问卷、死亡素养指数量表、Frommelt临终关怀态度量表对其进行调查。以死亡素养指数量表的4个外显变量进行潜在剖面分析，采用Logistic回归分析探究不同类别的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷302份，有效问卷回收率为99.02%。养老护理员的死亡素养指数量表得分为（7.17±1.37）分，其死亡认知及应对能力可分为薄弱型（13.91%）、发展型（34.11%）和进阶型（51.99%）3个潜在剖面。Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、文化程度、自评健康状况、有无丧亲经历、是否照护过临终老年人、是否接受过死亡教育和临终关怀态度是养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力潜在剖面的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论养老护理员的死亡认知及应对能力存在明显异质性，管理者应根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素制订针对性的培训方案，以提升养老护理员的临终关怀水平。

关键词: 养老护理员, 死亡教育, 临终关怀, 影响因素分析, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current situation of death cognition and coping abilities among nursing assistants，and to analyze its latent profiles and influencing factors，and provide a basis for developing targeted training programs and enhancing their end-of-life care competencies. Methods From March to May 2025，convenience sampling was used to select 305 nursing assistants from 16 nursing homes in Tianjin as the study subjects. The demographic characteristics questionnaire，the Death Literacy Index Scale，and the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale were used for investigation. The latent profile analysis was conducted using the 4 manifest variables of the Death Literacy Index Scale，and Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the influencing factors across different categories. Results A total of 302 valid questionnaires were collected，representing a valid response rate of 99.02%. The Death Literacy Index Scale score for nursing assistants was（7.17±1.37） points. Their death cognition and coping abilities can be categorized into 3 latent profiles，namely weak（13.91%），developing（34.11%），and advanced（51.99%）. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender，educational attainment，self-rated health status，bereavement experience，having cared for terminally ill elderly individuals，receiving death education，and attitudes toward end-of-life care are the influencing factors of the latent profile of nursing assistants’ death cognition and coping abilities（P<0.05）. Conclusion It exists significant heterogeneity in death cognition and coping abilities of nursing assistants. Managers should develop targeted training programs based on the influencing factors of different latent profiles to enhance their end-of-life care competencies.

Key words: Nursing Assistants, Death Education, End-of-Life Care, Root Cause Analysis, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

吴萍, 于宛辰, 柳嘉怡, 尹思文, 王汕珊. 养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力的潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(2): 229-236.

WU Ping, YU Wanchen, LIU Jiayi, YIN Siwen, WANG Shanshan. Latent profile analysis of nursing assistants’ death cognition and coping abilities[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(2): 229-236.

图/表 5

表1 养老护理员的一般资料和其死亡认知及应对能力潜在剖面的单因素分析结果[名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of nursing assistants and their single-factor analysis on the latent profiles of death cognition and coping abilities[case（percentage，%）]

表2 养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力潜在剖面模型的拟合结果

Table 2 Fit indices of latent class model for death cognition and coping abilities in nursing assistants

图1 养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力3个潜在剖面的特征分布

Figure 1 Characteristic distribution of the 3 latent profiles of death cognition and coping abilities in nursing assistants

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment method for independent variables

表4 养老护理员死亡认知及应对能力潜在剖面的Logistic回归分析（n=302）

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of latent profiles of death cognition and coping abilities in nursing assistants（n=302）

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