Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of frailty in liver transplant candidates and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select 150 liver transplant candidates who were hospitalized in the Department of Liver Transplantation of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from July 2022 to July 2023. They were investigated by the general patient data，Fried Frailty Phenotype，Barthel Index，Nutrition Risk Screening 2002，General Health Status Scale. Statistical methods including single factor and multifactor analysis were conducted for influencing factors of frailty in liver transplant candidates. Results The pre-frailty and frailty rates in 145 liver transplant candidates were 42.07% and 45.52%，respectively，and only 12.41% were non-frailty. The results of ordered multiple Logistic regression showed that age，total bilirubin，hemoglobin，and general health status were influential factors in the frailty of liver transplant candidates（P<0.05）. Conclusion Liver transplant candidates have a high incidence of frailty. Age，total bilirubin，hemoglobin，and general health status are influential factors in frailty. Nurses should pay attention to the assessment of frailty in liver transplant candidates，and take timely and targeted nursing interventions to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of frailty.

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Frailty, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 调查肝移植受者术前衰弱现状及其影响因素，为临床开展针对性干预提供借鉴。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2022年7月—2023年7月在杭州市某三级甲等医院肝移植中心住院的150例术前肝移植受者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、Fried衰弱表型、Barthel指数评定量表、营养风险筛查量表2002、总体健康状况量表进行调查。采用方差分析、χ²检验或非参数检验进行单因素分析，采用Logistic回归分析肝移植受者术前衰弱的影响因素。结果 共回收145份有效问卷，肝移植受者术前衰弱的发生率为45.52%，衰弱前期的发生率为42.07%，仅有12.41%患者无衰弱。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、总胆红素浓度、血红蛋白浓度、总体健康状况是肝移植受者术前衰弱的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 肝移植受者术前衰弱发生率较高，年龄大、总胆红素浓度高、血红蛋白浓度低、总体健康状况差的肝移植受者术前更易发生衰弱。护士应重视对肝移植受者术前衰弱的评估，及时采取针对性的干预措施，预防或延缓肝移植受者术前衰弱的发生。

关键词: 肝移植, 衰弱, 影响因素分析, 护理