Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of function in the older people and explore the diversities among different settings，age，gender and residence area，so as to provide empirical support for meeting the differentiated and diversified service needs of the older people. Methods The physical and cognitive function of 12 141 older people in 9 provinces from the east，south，central，north，and southwest region of China were investigated by WeChat Mini Program. The physical function includes activity of daily living，balance，pace，strength，risk for fall，vision and hearing function. The missing value data was interpolated by multiple interpolation method. Results The results of our study showed that the incidence of basic and instrumental activities of daily living were 45.9% and 80.5% respectively，39.5% for balance impairment，68.1% for low walking speed，64.5% for low strength，32.7% for falling risk，41.0% for visual impairment，17.6% for hearing impairment，and 30.0% for cognitive impairment. The setting，age，gender，and residence can affect the physical and cognitive functions of the elderly. Conclusion The function of the older people need to be improved. Attention should be paid to physical and cognitive functions of older people who are elderly，female，living in nursing home or rural area，and the early monitoring and intervention of high-risk groups should be carried out. Eventually treatment procedure for the older people with different degrees and different dimensions of dysfunction can be developed，so as to meet the differentiated and diversified long-term care service needs.

Key words: Aged, Physical Function, Cognitive Function, Cross-Sectional Study, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 调查中国老年人身体及认知功能状况，并对其特征进行分析。 方法 借助老年人功能评估平台，调查来自中国华东、华南、华中、华北、西南地区共9个省市，12 141名老年人的功能状况，包含身体功能和认知功能，其中身体功能包含日常生活活动能力、平衡、步速、肌力、跌倒风险和视听功能，并对不同场所、年龄、性别和居住地的老年人进行差异分析。 结果 老年人基本和工具性日常生活活动能力依赖发生率分别为45.9%和80.5%，39.5%的老年人为低平衡功能，68.1%的老年人为慢步速，64.5%的老年人为低肌力，32.7%的老年人有跌倒风险，41.0%的老年人自我报告视力障碍，17.6%的老年自我报告有听力障碍，30.0%的老年人有认知功能障碍。不同机构、年龄、性别和居住地会影响老年人的功能状况。 结论 老年人功能状况有待提高，护理人员应重点关注养老机构、高龄、女性和农村老年人，早期监测与干预高危人群，满足老年人差异化、多样化的长期照护服务需求。

关键词: 老年人, 身体功能, 认知功能, 横断面调查, 护理