Abstract:

Objective To formulate an expert consensus on death education for patients undergoing palliative care（hereinafter referred to as the “consensus”），and to provide references for standardizing related clinical prac-tices. Methods A “consensus” formulation team was established. Through systematic literature search，quality eval-uation，and evidence extraction and integration，the initial draft of the "consensus" was formed. From August to November 2025，2 rounds of expert Delphi consultations and 1 round of expert panel discussion were conducted to revise and polish the content，ultimately forming the final version of the consensus. Results The expert response rate for both rounds of consultation was 100%；the expert authority coefficients were 0.93 and 0.92 respectively；the Kendall’s concordance coefficients were 0.438 and 0.409 respectively（both P<0.001）. In the second round of the Delphi survey，the mean score for item importance ranged from 4.70 to 4.98，with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.10. The finalized consensus covers 7 dimensions，including educational targets，educators，educational objectives，educational content，educational preparation，educational implementation and effect evaluation. Conclusion This “consensus” possesses certain scientific validity and operability，while further verification and optimization are required in different clinical situations.

Key words: Palliative Care, Death Education, Terminal State, Expert Consensus, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 制订安宁疗护患者死亡教育专家共识（以下简称“共识”），为规范相关临床实践提供参考。方法 成立“共识”编写小组，通过文献检索、质量评价及证据整合，形成“共识”初稿。2025年8—11月，开展2轮专家函询及1轮专家论证，对“共识”内容进行修订与完善，形成终稿。结果 2轮专家函询的有效问卷回收率均为100%，专家的权威系数分别为0.93、0.92，肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.438、0.409（均P<0.001）。第2轮函询中，条目的重要性评分均数为4.70~4.98分，变异系数为0.03~0.10。“共识”终稿包括教育对象、教育人员、教育目标、教育内容、教育准备、教育实施、效果评价7个方面的内容。结论 该“共识”具有一定的科学性与可操作性，但仍需在不同临床情境中进一步验证并完善。

关键词: 安宁疗护, 死亡教育, 临终状态, 专家共识, 护理