Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of alcohol relapse after liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic liver disease，and to provide evidence for developing postoperative alcohol management strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Using convenience sampling，alcohol-related liver disease patients who attended the liver transplantation follow-up outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Beijing from July 2024 to May 2025 were recruited as participants. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale，the Perceived Social Support Scale，and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 121 patients were enrolled in the study，data from 118 patients were included in the final analysis，totally 3 patients withdrew，with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 97.52%. Totally 30 patients reported alcohol consumption within the preceding month，yielding a relapse rate of 25.42%，of whom 18 patients（60.00%） exhibited harmful drinking. Logistic regression identified smoking，perceived social support，and postoperative duration as significant factors influencing alcohol relapse（P<0.05）. Conclusion Patients with alcohol-related liver disease have a high incidence of relapse drinking after liver transplantation，with more than half exhibiting harmful levels of alcohol consumption. Smoking，longer post-transplant duration，and inadequate social support are major risk factors for relapse. Nursing practice should focus on the early identification and risk management of high-risk patients，emphasizing smoking cessation interventions，long-term follow-up care，and the effective utilization of social support resources to reduce the likelihood of relapse drinking.

Key words: Liver Diseases，Alcoholic, Liver Transplantation, Alcohol Relapse, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 调查酒精性肝病患者肝移植术后再饮酒发生率并分析其影响因素，为制订肝移植术后患者酒精管理策略提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2024年7月—2025年5月在北京市某三级甲等医院肝移植随访门诊就诊的酒精性肝病患者作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、领悟社会支持量表、酒精使用障碍筛查量表等调查工具收集资料，通过单因素分析及Logistic回归分析探讨酒精性肝病患者肝移植术后再饮酒的影响因素。结果 共纳入121例患者，118例患者完成调查，3例退出，有效问卷回收率为97.52%。30例患者在调查节点前1个月内存在饮酒行为，再饮酒发生率为25.42%，其中有害饮酒患者18例，占60.00%。多因素分析结果显示，吸烟、社会支持、肝移植术后时长是酒精性肝病患者肝移植术后再饮酒行为的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 酒精性肝病患者肝移植术后再饮酒发生率较高，且超过半数复饮行为已达到有害饮酒水平。吸烟、肝移植术后时间越长及社会支持不足是再饮酒的主要危险因素。护理实践中应重视高危患者的早期识别和风险管理，重点强化戒烟干预与长期随访管理，并充分利用现有社会支持资源，以降低患者的复饮风险。

关键词: 肝疾病，酒精性, 肝移植, 饮酒, 影响因素分析, 护理