Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors affecting taste alteration in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Methods PubMed，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，CINAHL，Embase，CBM，CNKI，WanFang Data and VIP were searched from the establishment until August 1，2024. The retrieved literature was independently screened，evaluated and the data were extracted by 2 researchers，and statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 18 studies were included，involving 4 686 patients. The incidence of taste changes is 73.46%. Totally 9 influencing factors were extracted through quantitative analysis，including oral mucositis（OR=1.98），dry mouth（OR=1.82），nausea（OR=3.05），loss of appetite（OR=2.41），use of triple antiemetic drugs（OR=2.45），gynecological cancers（OR=0.67），lung cancer（OR=0.57），paclitaxel types of chemotherapy drugs（OR=2.86），and smoking（β=9.38）. Conclusion The alteration of taste in cancer chemotherapy patients is in-fluenced by multiple factors. Nurses should regularly and dynamically assess changes in taste and implement individualized and refined nursing interventions in clinical practice to prevent or delay the development of taste alterations，thereby improving patients’ quality of life and treatment adherence.

Key words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Taste Alterations, Influencing Factors, Meta-Analysis, Evidence-Based Nursing

摘要：

目的 系统评价癌症化疗患者味觉改变的发生率及其影响因素，为医护人员制订针对性的预防措施提供依据。 方法 系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库，检索时限为建库至2024年8月1日。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和资料提取，采用Stata 17.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 最终纳入18篇文献，包含4 686例患者。Meta分析结果显示，癌症化疗患者味觉改变发生率为73.46%，影响因素包括口腔黏膜炎（OR=1.98）、口干（OR=1.82）、恶心（OR=3.05）、食欲减退（OR=2.41）、使用三联止吐药（OR=2.45）、妇科肿瘤（OR=0.67）、肺癌（OR=0.57）、使用紫杉醇（OR=2.86）和吸烟（β=9.38）。 结论 癌症化疗患者味觉改变的发生率较高，受多种因素的综合影响。护士应动态评估患者的味觉变化，识别其危险因素，并采取个体化、精细化护理措施，以预防味觉改变的发生或延缓其发展。

关键词: 癌症, 化疗, 味觉改变, 影响因素, Meta分析, 循证护理学