Abstract:

Objective To systematically integrate the qualitative studies on body image experience in breast cancer patients，in order to provide references for the clinical formulation of corresponding intervention programs. Methods Systematical search was conducted for qualitative studies on the body image experiences of breast cancer patients in databases including PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，PsycINFO，CNKI，WanFang Database，VIP and CBM. The search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2024. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the 2016 edition of the qualitative research appraisal tool from the Evidence-Based Health Care Center of the Joanna Briggs Research Institute in Australia，and the results were integrated using the pooled integration method. Results A total of 14 pieces of the literature were included，and 36 research results were extracted and summarized into 7 new categories. Totally 3 integrated results were obtained，namely the negative impact of changes in body image，patients’ self-adjustment and growth，and patients’ need for external support. Conclusion Breast cancer patients are plagued by multiple body images. Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological state of patients，do a good job in health education，improve the understanding and support of the society，provide targeted professional guidance，promote the psychological adaptation of patients，meet the emotional needs of patients，establish multiple support systems，and improve the body image and quality of life of patients.

Key words: Breast Neoplasms, Body Image, Qualitative Research, Meta-Synthesis, Evidence-Based Nursing

摘要：

目的 系统整合乳腺癌患者身体意象体验的质性研究，旨在为临床制订相应干预方案提供参考。 方法 系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、PsycINFO、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于乳腺癌患者身体意象体验的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2024年7月，根据澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心的2016版质性研究真实性评价工具评价文献质量，采用汇集性整合方法进行结果整合。结果 共纳入14篇文献，提炼出36个研究结果，归纳为7个新类别，得出3个整合结果：身体意象改变的负面影响、患者的自我调适与成长、患者对外界支持的需求。 结论 乳腺癌患者存在多重身体意象困扰，医护人员应关注患者心理状态，做好健康宣教，提升社会理解与支持，提供针对性的专业指导，促进患者心理适应，满足患者情感需求，建立多元支持系统，改善患者的身体意象和生活质量。

关键词: 乳腺癌, 身体意象, 质性研究, Meta整合, 循证护理学