山西省三级医院护士执业环境现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.24.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析山西省三级医院护士执业环境现状及类别特征，探究不同类别护士执业环境的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法，于2023年8月1日—9月10日，选取山西省17所三级甲等医院的护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表和护士执业环境测评量表进行调查。对山西省三级医院护士执业环境特征进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析和无序多分类Logistic回归分析识别其潜在剖面的影响因素。结果最终共纳入13 048名护士。山西省三级医院护士执业环境测评量表得分为84.93（68.19，96.35）分，其执业环境分为低感知型（13.99%）、中感知型（31.48%）和高感知型（54.52%）3个潜在剖面。Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、医院性质、是否为省级医院、医院类型、科室、职务、是否有编制是山西省三级医院护士执业环境潜在剖面类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论山西省三级医院护士执业环境存在群体异质性，可分为3个潜在剖面。护理管理者可根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素对不同类别护士进行个体化干预，以改善其执业环境。

关键词: 护士, 执业环境, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current status and category characteristics of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi province，and explore the influencing factors of different categories. Methods Using convenience sampling，from August 1st to September 10th，2023，nurses from 17 tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province were selected as subjects for investigation. The demographic questionnaire and the Nursing Practice Environment Scales were used for investigation. A latent profile analysis（LPA） was performed on characteristics of nursing practice environment，and the influencing factors of the latent profile were identified by single-factor analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 13，048 nurses were incorporated，and the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province scored[84.93（68.19， 96.35）] on the Practice Environment Measurement Scale, and their practice environments can be divided into 3 categories potential profiles，namely low perception type（13.99%），middle perception type（31.48%），and high perception type（54.52%）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender，nature of hospital，whether it is a provincial hospital or not，type of hospital，department，position，and whether recruited with authorization were the influencing factors of the latent profile of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province（P<0.05）. Conclusion There was heterogeneity in the characteristics of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province，which can be categorized into 3 latent profiles. Nursing managers can conduct individualized interventions according to the influencing factors of these profiles to enhance the nursing practice environment.

Key words: Nurses, Practice Environment, Latent Profile Analysis, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Management Research

李娜, 王李莉, 雷星雨, 宋愿愿, 冯三女, 王菊子. 山西省三级医院护士执业环境现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(24): 3017-3024.

LI Na, WANG Lili, LEI Xingyu, SONG Yuanyuan, FENG Sannü, WANG Juzi. Current status and latent profile analysis of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(24): 3017-3024.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及执业环境潜在剖面的单因素分析[n=1 3048，名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of nurses and their single-factor analysis on the nursing practice environment [n=13 048，case（percentage，%）]

表2 山西省三级医院护士执业环境潜在剖面模型的拟合指标

Table 2 Model fitting information for the latent profile of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province

图1 山西省三级医院护士执业环境的潜在剖面特征

Figure 1 Characteristics of latent profile in the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 山西省三级医院护士执业环境潜在剖面的多元Logistic回归分析结果（n=13 048）

Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of the nursing practice environment in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province（n=13 048）

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