A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案的构建及应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案并进行初步应用，评价应用效果。方法构建A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案。采用类实验研究设计，根据目的抽样法，选取北京市某三级甲等医院2021年1月—2022年10月行开放性A型主动脉夹层手术患者作为研究对象。自愿选择A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案的患者纳入试验组，选择常规心肺康复方案的患者纳入对照组。比较两组6 min步行距离、Borg主观劳累程度得分、术后首次下床时间、低氧血症发生率、低氧相关并发症发生率、康复护理相关不良事件发生率。结果共纳入研究对象130例，20例因手术并发症或中途退出，予以排除，最终纳入110例，试验组57例，对照组53例。干预后，试验组的6 min步行距离、Borg主观劳累程度得分、低氧血症发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）；两组术后首次下床时间、低氧相关并发症发生率、康复护理相关不良事件发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论构建的A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案科学、可行，紧密结合临床，可提高患者的运动能力，降低其低氧血症发生率。

关键词: A型主动脉夹层, 心肺康复, 运动功能, 低氧血症, 康复护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct early phase Ⅰ cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with Type A aortic dissection and to evaluate its clinical effects. Methods From January 2021 to October 2022，type A aortic dissection patients of a tertiary hospital in Beijing was selected by the destination sampling. They were divided into a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group was given early phase Ⅰcardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with type A aortic dissection and the control group was given routine care. The 6-minute walking experiment（6MWT），Borg subjective fatigue score，the first time out of bed，the incidence of hypoxemia and related complications，and the incidence of adverse events related to rehabilitation nursing were compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 130 cases were selected，among which 20 cases were excluded because of surgical complications and self-withdrawal. A total of 110 cases were finally included，with 57 cases in the intervention group and 53 cases in the control group. The results of walking distance of 6MWT，Borg subjective fatigue score and incidence of hypoxemia had statistical significance between the 2 groups（P<0.05）. The results of the time of the first time out of bed and the incidence of complications and the incidence of adverse events related to rehabilitation nursing had no statistical significance between the 2 groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Early phase Ⅰ cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with type A aortic dissection benefits the improvement of the motor function，the reduction of incidence of hypoxemia.

Key words: Type A Aortic Dissection, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Exercise Function, Hypoxemia, Rehabilitation Nursing

司茜茜, 王莹, 赵福云, 马晓骁, 刘均娥. A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案的构建及应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(9): 1037-1042.

SI Qianqian, WANG Ying, ZHAO Fuyun, MA Xiaoxiao, LIU June. Construction and application of early phase Ⅰ cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with Type A aortic dissection[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(9): 1037-1042.

图/表 3

表1 基于计划行为理论的A型主动脉夹层患者Ⅰ期心肺康复护理方案

Table 1 Early phase Ⅰ cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program based on planned behavior theory for patients with type A aortic dissection

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data between 2 groups

表3 两组干预效果的比较

Table 3 Comparison of application effects between 2 groups

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