老年牙列缺损患者结构化健康教育方案的构建及应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.005

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1043-1050.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.005

老年牙列缺损患者结构化健康教育方案的构建及应用研究

李英¹(), 闵玉娣²^,^*(), 罗葳¹, 高轩¹, 赵晟楠¹

¹ 北京大学人民医院口腔科北京市 100044
² 北京大学人民医院护理部北京市 100044

收稿日期:2025-11-21 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-22
*通讯作者: 闵玉娣，E-mail：316491620@qq.com
作者简介:李英：女，本科，主管护师，E-mail：304985135@qq.com
第一联系人：作者贡献声明
李英：研究方案的设计及实施、统计分析、论文撰写；闵玉娣：研究方案设计、研究指导、论文修改；罗葳、高轩、赵晟楠：研究方案的设计、研究实施、论文修改
基金资助:
2023年度北京大学人民医院研究与发展基金(RDN2023-29)

Development and application study of a structured health education program for elderly patients with dentition defects

LI Ying¹(), MIN Yudi²^,^*(), LUO Wei¹, GAO Xuan¹, ZHAO Shengnan¹

¹ Department of Stomatology， Peking University People’s Hospital， Beijing 100044， China
² Department of Nursing， Peking University People’s Hospital， Beijing 100044， China

Received:2025-11-21 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-22
* Corresponding author: MIN Yudi，E-mail：316491620@qq.com
Funding program:
2023 Research and Development Fund of Peking University People’s Hospital(RDN2023-29)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建适用于老年牙列缺损患者的结构化健康教育方案，并探讨其应用效果，为临床护理实践提供参考。方法基于文献回顾、半结构式访谈及专家函询结果构建方案。采用便利抽样法，选取2024年12月—2025年3月，在北京市某三级甲等医院口腔科就诊老年牙列缺损患者作为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组各117例。试验组在常规护理基础上采用结构化健康教育方案进行干预，对照组仅接受常规口腔护理指导。分别于干预前后采用口腔健康素养量表、口腔保健自我效能量表及改良牙科焦虑量表进行评估。结果最终构建的方案包括3个一级条目、11个二级条目、50个三级条目。在方案应用阶段，试验组和对照组各有4例患者退出研究，最终试验组和对照组分别纳入113例。干预后，试验组口腔健康素养总分51（44，54）分高于对照组42（41，43）分，自我效能感总分60（45，60）分高于对照组45（30，45）分，牙科焦虑总分9（5，10）分低于对照组15（14，18）分，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预后，试验组口腔健康素养量表得分、口腔保健自我效能量表得分高于对照组（P<0.05），改良牙科焦虑量表得分低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论应用结构化健康教育方案能有效提升牙列缺损患者的自我效能感，降低其牙科焦虑水平，提高口腔健康素养。同时，应用该方案能够改善牙列缺损患者心理状态和健康管理能力，具有较好的临床实用性。

关键词: 老年人, 结构化健康教育, 牙列缺损, 健康素养, 口腔护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop a structured health education program applicable to elderly patients with partial tooth loss and explore its effects to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods The program was formulated based on literature review，semi-structured interviews，and expert consultation. Using convenience sampling，elderly patients with partial tooth loss who visited the Department of Stomatology at a tertiary hospital in Beijing from December 2024 to March 2025 were selected as study subjects. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group，each consisting of 117 patients，using a random number table method. The experimental group received a structured health education intervention in addition to routine care，while the control group received only routine oral care guidance. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention using the Oral Health Literacy Scale，Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care，and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale，respectively. Results The final program consisted of 3 first-level items，11 second-level items，and 50 third-level items. During the program implementation phase，4 patients each from the experimental group and the control group withdrew from the study, resulting in 113 patients being enrolled in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. After the intervention，the experimental group’s total oral health literacy score was 51（44，54），higher than 42（41，43） in the control group；the total self-efficacy score was 60（45，60），higher than 45（30，45） in the control group；the total dental anxiety score was 9（5，10），lower than 15（14，18） in the control group. All differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. After the intervention，the oral health literacy and self-efficacy scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05），while the dental anxiety score was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Structured health education can effectively enhance the self-efficacy of patients with partial tooth loss，reduce their level of dental anxiety，and thereby improve their oral health literacy. This model can improve the psychological state and health management ability of patients with partial tooth loss and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Key words: Aged, Structured Health Education, Dentition Defect, Health Literacy, Oral Nursing

李英, 闵玉娣, 罗葳, 高轩, 赵晟楠. 老年牙列缺损患者结构化健康教育方案的构建及应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(8): 1043-1050.

LI Ying, MIN Yudi, LUO Wei, GAO Xuan, ZHAO Shengnan. Development and application study of a structured health education program for elderly patients with dentition defects[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(8): 1043-1050.

图/表 5

表1 老年牙列缺损患者结构化健康教育方案

Table 1 Structured health education program for elderly patients with dentition defect

表2 两组一般资料的比较[例（百分比，%）]

Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the 2 groups[cases（percentage，%）]

表3 两组口腔健康素养量表得分的比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Comparison of HELD-14 scores between the 2 groups after intervention[scores，M（P25，P75）]

表4 两组口腔保健自我效能量表得分的比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of SESS scores after intervention [scores，M（P25，P75）]

表5 两组改良牙科焦虑症量表得分的比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 5 Comparison of total scores on MDAS between 2 groups after intervention[scores，M（P25，P75）]

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老年牙列缺损患者结构化健康教育方案的构建及应用研究

Development and application study of a structured health education program for elderly patients with dentition defects

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