美国家庭开业护士的发展现状及启示

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.05.020

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 715-720.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.05.020

• 综述 • 上一篇

美国家庭开业护士的发展现状及启示

陈玲¹(), 宋秀琪², 任伟², 余丽华³, 全红梅⁴, 杨亚妮², 蔡文智²^,^*()

1.南方医科大学深圳医院胃肠外科深圳市 518100
2.南方医科大学深圳医院护理部深圳市 518100
3.巴恩斯犹太学院哥德法布护理学院美国密苏里州 63110
4.南方医科大学深圳医院产科深圳市 518100

收稿日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2026-03-10 发布日期:2026-03-05
*通讯作者: 蔡文智，E-mail：caiwzh@smu.edu.cn
作者简介:陈玲：女，博士，副研究员，护士长，E-mail：dangdang601@smu.edu.cn
基金资助:
深圳市医疗卫生三名工程(SZSM202211044)

The development status and enlightenment of family nurse practitioners in the United States

CHEN Ling¹(), SONG Xiuqi², REN Wei², YU Lihua³, QUAN Hongmei⁴, YANG Yani², CAI Wenzhi²^,^*()

1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery，Shenzhen Hospital，Southern Medical University，Shenzhen 518100，China
2. Department of Nursing，Shenzhen Hospital，Southern Medical University，Shenzhen 518100，China
3. Barnes-Jewish College Goldfarb School of Nursing，Saint Louis，Missouri 63110，USA
4. Department of Obstetrials，Shenzhen Hospital，Southern Medical University，Shenzhen 518100，China

Received:2025-03-11 Online:2026-03-10 Published:2026-03-05
* Corresponding author: CAI Wenzhi，E-mail：caiwzh@smu.edu.cn
Funding program:
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202211044)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设置家庭开业护士是美国应对人口老龄化、医生短缺、农村及偏远地区医疗服务可及性差等问题的重要举措。该文对美国家庭开业护士的发展历程、执业现状、教育与认证等内容进行综述并提出启示，以深化对高级实践护士的角色认知，并为国内基层医疗卫生系统的护理人才培养和服务体系优化提供参考。

关键词: 家庭开业护士, 高级实践护士, 综述

Abstract:

Establishing the family nurse practitioner role was a significant initiative in the United States to address challenges such as population aging，physician shortages，and limited healthcare accessibility in rural and remote regions. This article reviews the historical development，current practice landscape，and educational and credentialing systems of family nurse practitioners in the United States and offers insights to deepen the understanding of the advanced practice nurse role. It further provides guidance for optimizing nursing talent cultivation and the service system within China’s primary healthcare system.

Key words: Family Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Practice Nurse, Review

陈玲, 宋秀琪, 任伟, 余丽华, 全红梅, 杨亚妮, 蔡文智. 美国家庭开业护士的发展现状及启示[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(5): 715-720.

CHEN Ling, SONG Xiuqi, REN Wei, YU Lihua, QUAN Hongmei, YANG Yani, CAI Wenzhi. The development status and enlightenment of family nurse practitioners in the United States[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(5): 715-720.

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美国家庭开业护士的发展现状及启示

The development status and enlightenment of family nurse practitioners in the United States

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