脑卒中患者性别差异与健康相关生活质量关系的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对脑卒中患者性别差异与健康相关生活质量关系的研究进行范围综述，为今后开展脑卒中患者个体化、精准化的护理提供参考。方法遵循范围综述审查方法，系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中脑卒中患者健康相关生活质量的文献，检索时限为建库至2025年7月14日。结果共纳入14篇文献。脑卒中患者的健康相关生活质量水平存在性别差异。脑卒中后6周~10年，女性患者总健康相关生活质量水平较男性显著偏低，该性别差异随时间的变化趋势结论不一致。脑卒中患者在生理健康、心理健康、社会功能及其他具体维度均存在性别差异。脑卒中前功能状态及脑卒中后功能结局、婚姻状况、年龄、种族以及脑卒中前合并症均与脑卒中患者健康相关生活质量的性别差异存在交互关系。结论脑卒中患者健康相关生活质量的总体水平及分层维度均存在性别差异，同时受多种因素交互影响。未来可开展动态追踪，全面揭示性别差异与健康相关生活质量的关系，系统分析不同性别患者所面临的差异化需求与风险，并制订科学、精准的康复干预措施，以更好地满足脑卒中患者的长期需求。

关键词: 性别差异, 脑卒中, 健康相关生活质量, 范围综述, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies on the relationship between gender differences and health-related quality of life（HRQoL） among stroke patients，and to provide references for future precision and individualized nursing care. Methods Following the methodological framework of scoping reviews，a systematic search was performed in PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，Cochrane Library，CNKI，Wanfang Database，and China Biology Medicine Database，with the search period from inception to July 14，2025. Results A total of 14 studies were included. Gender differences were identified in the HRQoL of patients with stroke. During 6 weeks to 10 years after stroke，women consistently exhibited significantly lower overall HRQoL than men，although findings regarding temporal trends in this gender difference were inconsistent. Gender differences were observed across physical health，psychological health，social functioning，and other specific HRQoL dimensions. Pre-stroke functional status，post-stroke functional outcomes，marital status，age，race，and pre-stroke comorbidities were all found to interact with gender in influencing HRQoL among patients with stroke. Conclusion Both overall HRQoL and its sub-dimensions in stroke patients present gender differences，which are influenced by multiple interacting factors. Future studies should adopt dynamic tracking approaches to comprehensively clarify the relationship between gender differences and HRQoL，systematically analyze the differentiated needs and risks faced by patients of different genders，and develop more scientific and precise rehabilitation interventions to better meet the long-term needs of stroke patients.

Key words: Gender Differences, Stroke, Health-Related Quality of Life, Scoping Review, Nursing Care

周鑫滢, 徐亦虹, 周丽萍, 宫晓艳, 叶欢, 刘晓娜, 庄一渝. 脑卒中患者性别差异与健康相关生活质量关系的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(4): 571-577.

ZHOU Xinying, XU Yihong, ZHOU Liping, GONG Xiaoyan, YE Huan, LIU Xiaona, ZHUANG Yiyu. A scoping review on the relationship between gender differences and health related quality of life among stroke patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(4): 571-577.

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