国内护理人力资源配置现状及分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.11.011

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 1520-1526.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.11.011

• 人力资源管理与职业发展 • 上一篇下一篇

国内护理人力资源配置现状及分析

尚文涵¹(), 李思雨², 刘艳存³, 姜桐桐⁴, 么莉¹()

1.国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所护理管理与康复研究部北京市 100044
2.仙桃市第一人民医院护理部湖北省仙桃市 433000
3.阜外华中心血管病医院结构性心脏病一病区郑州市 451450
4.大连医科大学附属第一医院护理部大连市 116011

收稿日期:2026-01-20 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-10
*通讯作者: 么莉，E-mail：yaoli@niha.org.cn
作者简介:尚文涵：女，硕士，副研究员，E-mail：shangwenhan@niha.org.cn
作者贡献声明
尚文涵：研究设计及实施、数据整理、统计分析、论文撰写；李思雨：数据整理、统计分析；刘艳存、姜桐桐：论文修改；么莉：研究指导、论文修改与审阅

Analysis of the current situation of national nursing human resource allocation

SHANG Wenhan¹(), LI Siyu², LIU Yancun³, JIANG Tongtong⁴, YAO Li¹()

1. Department of Nursing Administration and Rehabilitation Research，National Institute of Hospital Administration，Beijing 100044，China
2. Nursing Department，Xiantao First People’s Hospital，Xiantao，Hubei Province 433000，China
3. Structual Heart Disease Ward 1，Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital，Zhengzhou 451450，China
4. Nursing Department，the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University，Dalian 116011，China

Received:2026-01-20 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-10
* Corresponding author: YAO Li，E-mail：yaoli@niha.org.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的梳理国内护理人力资源配置的现状与达标情况，探究现存问题、原因及对策，为护理人力资源的科学配置提供参考。方法基于《全国护理事业发展规划（2021—2025年）》中护理人力资源配置指标及其预期目标，通过查询《中国统计年鉴》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2025》等获取相关数据，运用描述性统计、Holt线性趋势指数平滑模型、洛伦兹曲线等分析国内护理人力资源配置指标的情况及区域差异。结果国内注册护士总数、每千人口注册护士数、基层医疗机构注册护士数已达到预期目标；医护比、全院护士与实际开放床位比、全院病区护士与实际开放床位比未达预期目标。2024年31个省份每千人口注册护士数的基尼系数为0.371，每千人口基层医疗机构注册护士数的基尼系数为0.312。结论国内护理人力总量达标，省级层面护理人力资源配置相对公平，但仍存在人力供需预测的科学性不足、医疗机构临床一线的护理人力供给不足等问题，需强化政策保障、构建人力需求动态测算体系、优化医疗机构内部管理，推动护理人力资源从“数量达标”向“需求适配”转型，助力护理事业高质量发展。

关键词: 护理人力资源配置, 注册护士总数, 每千人口注册护士数, 医护比, 床护比, 护患比, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To sort out the current status and compliance of nursing human resource allocation indicators in China，explore the existing problems，causes and countermeasures，and provide a reference for the scientific allocation of nursing human resources. Methods Based on the nursing human resource allocation indicators and their expected targets in the National Nursing Development Plan（2021-2025），relevant data were obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook，China Health Statistics Yearbook 2025，and other sources. Descriptive statistics，the Holt linear trend exponential smoothing model，Lorenz curve，and other methods were used to analyze the status and regional disparities of nursing human resource allocation indicators in China. Results The total number of registered nurses，the number of registered nurses per 1，000 population，and the number of registered nurses in primary medical institutions in China had met the expected targets. However，the physician-nurse ratio，the ratio of hospital-wide nurses to actually open beds，and the ratio of hospital ward nurses to actually open beds had not reached the expected targets. In 2024，the Gini coefficient of registered nurses per 1，000 population across 31 provinces was 0.371，and the Gini coefficient of registered nurses in primary medical institutions per 1，000 population was 0.312. Conclusion The total quantity of nursing human resources in China meets the targets，and nursing human resource allocation is relatively equitable at the provincial level. However，problems remain，such as insufficient scientificity in the prediction of nursing human resource supply and demand，and inadequate nursing human resource supply in the clinical frontlines of medical institutions. It is necessary to strengthen policy support，establish a dynamic measurement system for nursing human resource demand，optimize internal management of medical institutions，promote the transformation of nursing human resource allocation from “quantity compliance” to “demand adaptation”，thereby supporting the high-quality development of the nursing profession.

Key words: Nursing Human Resource Allocation, Total Number of Registered Nurses, Number of Registered Nurses per 1, 000 Population, Physician-to-Nurse Ratio, Bed-to-Nurse Ratio, Nurse-to-Patient Ratio, Nursing Administration Research

尚文涵, 李思雨, 刘艳存, 姜桐桐, 么莉. 国内护理人力资源配置现状及分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(11): 1520-1526.

SHANG Wenhan, LI Siyu, LIU Yancun, JIANG Tongtong, YAO Li. Analysis of the current situation of national nursing human resource allocation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(11): 1520-1526.

图/表 4

表1 2020—2025年国内宏观护理人力资源配置指标的变化趋势及达标情况

Table 1 Trends and target attainment of macro nursing human resource allocation indicators in China, 2020—2025

表2 2024年各省份宏观护理人力资源配置情况

Table 2 Macro allocation of nursing human resources by province, 2024

表3 2024年国内不同经济区域宏观护理人力资源配置情况

Table 3 Macroeconomic indicators of nursing human resource allocation in different economic regions of China，2024

表4 2024年国内不同经济区域三级及二级综合医院的微观护理人力供给情况

Table 4 Micro indicators of nursing human resource supply in tertiary and secondary general hospitals across different economic regions in China，2024

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国内护理人力资源配置现状及分析

Analysis of the current situation of national nursing human resource allocation

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