护士共情疲劳心理干预策略的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过范围综述的方法，系统梳理护士共情疲劳心理干预策略的研究现状，归纳和总结干预方法、干预形式与时长、结局指标等内容，为开展临床干预及相关研究提供参考。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、ScienceDirect、PsycARTICLES、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中的相关研究，检索时限为建库至2025年6月17日。对纳入文献进行分析、总结。结果共纳入33篇文献，发表于2011—2025年。护士共情疲劳心理干预方法包括正念干预、社会支持与同伴互助干预、情绪与认知干预、心理弹性干预、教育干预5个类别。干预形式包括线上干预、线下干预和混合方式干预。干预频次从每周1次到每天3次，单次干预时长为5 min至5 h。结局指标包括护士的接受度、参与度、满意度等可行性评价指标，以及共情疲劳水平、心理弹性等效果评价指标。结论关于护士共情疲劳心理干预策略的研究以类实验研究为主，存在样本量小、群体单一、缺乏干预者资质报告等问题。建议未来研究构建专业化团队、开发精准化策略、加强过程性评价、延长随访时间，进一步优化护士共情疲劳心理干预策略，并评价其干预效果。

关键词: 护士, 共情疲劳, 心理干预, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective To systematically sort out the current research status of psychological interventions for nurses’ compassion fatigue by means of a scoping review，to generalize and summarize intervention methods，formats，duration，outcome measures and efficacy，so as to provide a reference basis for the development of clinical interventions and related research. Methods We conducted a systematic search in both Chinese and English medical databases，including PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，CINAHL，Cochrane Library，ScienceDirect，Psyc-ARTI-CLES，CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP Database，and Sinomed. The search period was from the inception of each database to June 17，2025. The included literature was analyzed and summarized. Results A total of 33 studies were included，published from 2011 to 2025. Psychological interventions for nurse compassion fatigue included 5 categories，which were mindfulness interventions，social support and peer mutual assistance interventions，emotional and cognitive interventions，psychological resilience interventions，and educational interventions. Intervention formats included online，offline and blend interventions. The frequency of interventions ranged from once weekly to 3 times daily，and the duration of single intervention was 5 min to 5 h. The outcome indicators included feasibility evaluation metrics，such as nurses’ acceptance，engagement and satisfaction，and efficacy evaluation metrics，such as levels of compassion fatigue and psychological resilience. Conclusion Research on psychological intervention strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses，existing studies focus on class-based experimental designs，with small sample sizes，single group coverage and lack of reported qualifications for intervention providers. Future research should concentrate on setting up specialized teams，creating targeted strategies，improving process-based evaluation and extending follow-up periods in order to further refine psychological intervention strategies for nursing compassion fatigue，and evaluate their efficacy.

Key words: Nurses, Compassion Fatigue, Psychological Intervention, Scoping Review

任珍慧, 杜洁, 刘义婷, 李亚敏. 护士共情疲劳心理干预策略的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(1): 137-144.

REN Zhenhui, DU Jie, LIU Yiting, LI Yamin. Psychological intervention strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(1): 137-144.

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