造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者捐献动机及体验的Meta整合与启示

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者捐献动机及体验的相关质性研究结果进行整合，为医护人员制订支持策略提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、Scopus、ProQuest、CINAHL、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库中有关造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者捐献动机、身心体验和支持需求等的质性研究，检索时限为从建库至2025年8月。采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价，采用汇集性整合方法对研究结果进行归纳整合。结果最终纳入8篇文献，共提取出45个主题，归纳出8个新类别，形成3个整合结果。①非亲缘供者的捐献动机复杂多样，包括内在因素驱使、外在力量驱动；②非亲缘供者捐献造血干细胞时面临多重挑战，包括捐赠知识缺乏、家庭成员意见冲突、社会支持不足；③非亲缘供者捐献造血干细胞后的多维情绪体验，包括对个人身心健康的顾虑、对受者移植结果的担忧、对社会宣传曝光的犹豫。结论造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者的捐献动机及体验复杂，建议医护人员动态评估其捐献动机及身心状况，加强健康教育并提供心理支持，以改善其体验。

关键词: 造血干细胞移植, 非亲缘供者, 捐献动机, 心理体验, 质性研究, Meta整合, 循证护理学

Abstract:

Objective To integrate the findings of qualitative studies on the donation motivation and experience of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors，so as to provide references for medical staff to provide professional support for them.Methods Qualitative studies on donation motivation，physical and psychological experience，and support needs of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors were retrieved from PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，Cochrane Library，Scopus，ProQuest，CINAHL，CNKI，VIP，and Wanfang databases from inception to August 2025. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI） Critical Appraisal Tools for qualitative research，and the findings were synthesized using a meta-aggregative approach.Results A total of 8 studies were included，from which 45 findings were extracted，8 new categories were generated，and 3 integrated results were formed. 1. The donation motivation of unrelated donors was complex and diverse，including internal driving factors and external driving forces. 2. Unrelated donors faced multiple challenges during donation，including insufficient donation-related knowledge，conflicting opinions from family members，and inadequate social support. 3. Unrelated donors had multi-dimensional emotional experiences after donation，including concerns about their own physical and mental health，worries about the transplant outcomes of recipients，and hesitation about social publicity and exposure.Conclusion The donation motivation and experience of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors are complex. It is recommended that medical staff dynamically assess their donation motivation and physical and mental status，strengthen health education，and provide psychological support to improve their donation experience.

Key words: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Unrelated Donors, Donation Motivation, Psychological Experience, Qualitative Research, Meta-Synthesis, Evidence-Based Nursing

魏嘉祎, 朱红喆, 周晓君, 高利芬, 郝佳, 尹丽丽, 姬筱筱, 贺敏, 俞新燕. 造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者捐献动机及体验的Meta整合与启示[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(10): 1420-1426.

WEI Jiayi, ZHU Hongzhe, ZHOU Xiaojun, GAO Lifen, HAO Jia, YIN Lili, JI Xiaoxiao, HE Min, YU Xinyan. Meta-synthesis and implications of donation motivation and psychological experience of unrelated donors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(10): 1420-1426.

图/表 4

表1 PubMed检索策略

Table 1 PubMed search strategy

图1 文献筛选流程

Figure 1 Literature screening process

表2 纳入文献的基本特征(n=8)

Table 2 Basic characteristics of included studies (n=8)

表3 纳入文献的方法学质量评价结果（n=8）

Table 3 Methodological quality evaluation of included studies（n=8）

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