精神科护理组织氛围对护士工作疏离感影响的路径分析研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.19.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨精神科护理组织氛围对护士工作疏离感的影响，以及心理资本和积极应对方式在护理组织氛围和工作疏离感间的中介作用，为降低精神科护士的工作疏离感提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年1—7月选择山东省6所三级甲等精神病医院在职护士为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、护士工作疏离感量表、护理组织氛围量表、心理资本问卷、简易应对方式量表进行调查，并进行中介效应检验。结果共回收问卷606份，其中有效问卷572份，有效问卷回收率为94.39%。精神科护士护理组织氛围得分为（89.58±13.69）分，工作疏离感得分为（32.48±11.31）分，心理资本得分为（97.28±19.12）分，积极应对得分为（23.93±7.22）分。护理组织氛围对工作疏离感存在直接效应（β=-0.681，95%CI=-0.824~-0.539）。心理资本、积极应对方式在护理组织氛围对工作疏离感的影响中存在单独和链式中介作用（β=-0.116、-0.048、-0.019，95%CI=-0.182~-0.034、-0.086~-0.006、-0.042~-0.002）。结论精神科护士心理资本、积极应对方式在护理组织氛围与工作疏离感间存在多重中介效应。护理管理者可以通过营造积极健康的组织氛围，增强精神科护士心理资本，鼓励其采取积极的应对方式解决问题，降低工作疏离感。

关键词: 组织氛围, 工作疏离感, 心理资本, 积极应对方式, 精神科护士, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of organizational climate on work alienation in psychiatric nurses，and the mediating role of psychological capital and positive coping styles between organizational climate and work alienation，in order to provide a reference for reducing work alienation among psychiatric nurses. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nurses working in 6 tertiary A psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province from January to July 2024，and the general questionnaire，Nurses’ Work Alienation Questionnaire，Organizational Climate Scale for Nursing，Psychological Capital Questionnaire，and Simple Coping Style Scale were used to conduct the survey and the mediation effect test. Results A total of 606 questionnaires were recovered，of which 572 were valid，and the validity rate of the questionnaires was 94.39%. Psychiatric nurses scored（89.58±13.69） for nursing organizational climate，（32.48±11.31） for work alienation，（97.28±19.12） for psychological capital，and（23.93±7.22） for positive coping styles. There was a direct effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation（β=-0.681，95%CI=-0.824~-0.539）. Psychological capital and positive coping styles acted as separate mediators and chain mediators in the effect of nursing organizational climate on work alienation（β=-0.116， -0.048，-0.019，95%CI=-0.182~-0.034，-0.086~-0.006，-0.042~-0.002）. Conclusion There are multiple mediating effects of psychiatric nurses’ psychological capital，positive coping styles between nursing organizational climate and work alienation. Nursing managers can enhance psychiatric nurses’ psychological capital by creating a positive and healthy organizational climate，encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles to solve problems，and reducing work alienation.

Key words: Organization Climate, Work Alienation, Psychological Capital, Positive Coping Style, Psychiatric Nurse, Nursing Administration Research

王兰, 刘翠翠, 赵志娇, 庞莉, 李文福, 马群, 时忠丽. 精神科护理组织氛围对护士工作疏离感影响的路径分析研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(19): 2397-2403.

WANG Lan, LIU Cuicui, ZHAO Zhijiao, PANG Li, LI Wenfu, MA Qun, SHI Zhongli. A path analysis study on the relationship between the nursing organizational climate and work alienation among psychiatric nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(19): 2397-2403.

图/表 4

表1 精神科护士一般资料及工作疏离感得分的单因素分析（n=572）

Table 1 Comparison of psychiatric nurses’ general information and work alienation scores（n=572）

表2 心理资本、积极应对方式在护理组织氛围和工作疏离感间的中介效应（n=572）

Table 2 The mediating effects of psychological capital and positive coping styles on nursing organizational climate and work alienation（n=572）

图1 心理资本、积极应对方式在护理组织氛围和工作疏离感间的链式中介模型

Figure 1 The chain mediation model of psychological capital and positive coping style between nursing organizational climate and work alienation

表3 心理资本、积极应对方式在护理组织氛围和工作疏离感间的中介效应检验

Table 3 Test on the mediating effects of psychological capital and positive coping styles on nursing organizational climate and work alienation

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