Table of Content

20 April 2026, Volume 61 Issue 8

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Special Planning—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Nursing

Evaluation of the application effect of an exercise rehabilitation program based on Timing It Right Theory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

FENG Li, GUO Peiran, CHENG Rong, XIONG Chuqin, ZHANG Zhixia

2026, 61(8):  1013-1020.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.001

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Objective To explore the application effect of an exercise rehabilitation program based on the Timing It Right Theory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，and to provide references for the implementation of precision rehabilitation care. Methods By using the convenience sampling method，84 inpatients from the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Geriatrics Department of a tertiary A hospital in Wuhan from November 2024 to July 2025. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the departments，with 42 patients in each group. The experimental group received a motor rehabilitation program based on the Timing It Right Theory in addition to conventional rehabilitation care，while the control group received only conventional rehabilitation care. The intervention lasted for 3 months. The lung function and exercise endurance were compared in 2 groups before and after the intervention. The self-care level and quality of life were compared in 2 groups before intervention，a month after intervention, and 3 months after intervention. Results Finally，40 cases each in both the experimental group and the control group completed the study. After 3 months of intervention，the lung function and exercise endurance of the experimental group were better than those of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was an interaction between time and group in the comparison of self-care level and quality of life before intervention，1 month after intervention，and 3 months after intervention（P<0.001）. The simple effect analysis showed that the self-care level and quality of life of the experimental group were better than those of the control group at 1 month and 3 months after intervention，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion The exercise rehabilitation program based on Timing It Right Theory can improve lung function in COPD patients，enhance exercise endurance and self-care capabilities，thereby further improving patients’ quality of life.

Facilitators and barriers of smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：a qualitative study

LIU Xing, FAN Wenxiang, ZHOU Tingxu, SHANG Linping

2026, 61(8):  1021-1027.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.002

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of smoking cessation behavior in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，so as to provide references for the construction of precise smoking cessation intervention strategies. Methods From June to September，2025，the purposive sampling was used to select 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the respiratory department of a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province for semi-structured interviews based on capability，opportunity，and motivation-behavior model. Data was analyzed by Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis method. Results Totally 2 themes and 14 sub themes were extracted. The factors that promote smoking cessation behavior in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mainly include capability factors（self-regulation ability），opportunity factors（restrictive environment，family support），and motivation factors（perception of disease severity，perception of smoking cessation benefits）. Obstacle factors mainly include capability factors（lack of knowledge about quitting smoking，lack of self-efficacy in changing past habits），opportunity factors（social pressure，tobacco environment，workplace stress），and motivation factors（weakened perception of disease threat，cognitive bias towards quitting smoking，negative mentality，decision-making balance）. Conclusion The influencing factors of smoking cessation behavior in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and diverse. Medical staff need to comprehensively evaluate the multiple factors that affect the change of smoking cessation behavior in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，and develop targeted strategies based on this to promote the improvement of their smoking cessation behavior.

Health management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：mapping the patient journey

SUN Xueying, LI Jun, LI Yufeng, CUI Xuefen, LI Dongpan, CHENG Zhaojing, LI Xiang, SUN Xiujie

2026, 61(8):  1028-1035.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.003

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Objective By analyzing patient journey maps，this study aims to clarify the specific needs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） patients at each stage of health management，thereby providing support for enhancing the quality of whole-cycle health management. Methods Using descriptive qualitative research methods，we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were hospitalized in a tertiary general hospital in Qingdao City，China，from May to July 2025，and analyzed the data and drew the patient journey maps by content analysis. Results Along the diagnosis-treatment timeline，a total of 23 themes across 3 dimensions—namely tasks，emotions，and pain points—were extracted from the 3 phases：screening and diagnosis，hospitalization treatment，and home-based rehabilitation. Conclusion The health management needs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and variable，with prominent demands for early symptom identification，acute symptom management，and self-management support. In the future，corresponding intervention strategies can be developed based on the patient journey maps to provide precise healthcare support for patients.

A study on the correlation between symptom burden and illness perception in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

YU Yunlong, LI Shuang, LUO Yao, ZHANG Suile, PENG Yueming

2026, 61(8):  1036-1042.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.004

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Objective Exploring influencing factors of symptom burden in patients with AECOPD and the underlying mechanisms of its association with illness perception，so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to recruit COPD patients from the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Geriatrics at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen between November 2024 and August 2025. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire，the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire，and the COPD Assessment Test. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of illness perception on symptom burden among patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Network models were then constructed using R version 4.4.2 to identify core and bridge nodes and to evaluate the stability of the network structure. Results A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed，with 272 valid responses collected. The symptom burden score for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was （18.90±4.46），and the disease perception score was （45.24±6.80）. The results of hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that illness perception independently explained 5.4% of the total variance in symptom burden among patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Network analysis identified sputum production as the core symptom burden in these patients. Patients’ concern about their illness emerged as the central illness perception and served as a key bridge node linking symptom burden and illness perception. Conclusion The symptom burden of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was at a moderate level，while negative illness perception was at a moderate-to-high level. Symptom burden and illness perception were interrelated，and the mechanisms underlying the associations between different symptom burdens and illness perception varied. It is recommended that healthcare professionals consider illness perception as a key entry point for psychological interventions to alleviate patients’ concerns and improve their symptom burden.

Specialist Nursing Practice and Research

Development and application study of a structured health education program for elderly patients with dentition defects

LI Ying, MIN Yudi, LUO Wei, GAO Xuan, ZHAO Shengnan

2026, 61(8):  1043-1050.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.005

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Objective To develop a structured health education program applicable to elderly patients with partial tooth loss and explore its effects to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods The program was formulated based on literature review，semi-structured interviews，and expert consultation. Using convenience sampling，elderly patients with partial tooth loss who visited the Department of Stomatology at a tertiary hospital in Beijing from December 2024 to March 2025 were selected as study subjects. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group，each consisting of 117 patients，using a random number table method. The experimental group received a structured health education intervention in addition to routine care，while the control group received only routine oral care guidance. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention using the Oral Health Literacy Scale，Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care，and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale，respectively. Results The final program consisted of 3 first-level items，11 second-level items，and 50 third-level items. During the program implementation phase，4 patients each from the experimental group and the control group withdrew from the study, resulting in 113 patients being enrolled in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. After the intervention，the experimental group’s total oral health literacy score was 51（44，54），higher than 42（41，43） in the control group；the total self-efficacy score was 60（45，60），higher than 45（30，45） in the control group；the total dental anxiety score was 9（5，10），lower than 15（14，18） in the control group. All differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. After the intervention，the oral health literacy and self-efficacy scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05），while the dental anxiety score was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Structured health education can effectively enhance the self-efficacy of patients with partial tooth loss，reduce their level of dental anxiety，and thereby improve their oral health literacy. This model can improve the psychological state and health management ability of patients with partial tooth loss and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Analysis of latent classes and influencing factors of frailty in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma during chemotherapy

ZHANG Ying, DU Ruofei, YANG Huimin, DU Yating

2026, 61(8):  1051-1058.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.006

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Objective To explore the trajectory and influencing factors of frailty in patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma（NHL） during chemotherapy，and to provide evidence for clinical interventions. Methods By the convenience sampling method，266 NHL patients hospitalized in the Department of Hematology of 5 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from January to September 2025 were selected as the participants. The general information questionnaire，Tilburg Frailty Assessment Scale，Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic Scale，Short Physical Performance Battery，Global Health Literacy Scale，Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale，Control of Nutritional Status Scale were used to investigate before chemotherapy，at the end of the third cycle of chemotherapy，and at the end of chemotherapy. The growth mixed model was used to classify frailty trajectory of NHL patients during chemotherapy and analyze its influencing factors. Results Finally，252 patients completed the follow-up. The frailty trajectory of NHL patients during chemotherapy was divided into 4 potential categories：high frailty-rapid improvement group（15.08%），high frailty-slow deterioration group（11.90%），low frailty-stable group（67.46%） and low frailty-rapid deterioration group（5.56%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocyte count，hemoglobin concen-tration，Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score，Short Physical Performance Battery score，and family monthly income were the influencing factors of the potential categories of frailty in NHL patients during chemotherapy（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in frailty trajectory of patients with NHL during chemotherapy. Nurses should develop targeted interventions based on these frailty trajectories and related influencing factors.

Current status and influencing factors of postoperative complications in 4，907 elderly patients with hip fractures

LI Shan, SHAO Mengqi, QIU Chen, SU Qingqing, GAO Yuan

2026, 61(8):  1059-1065.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.007

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of postoperative complications in elderly patients with hip fractures and analyze the influencing factors，thereby providing a reference for developing clinical intervention strategies. Methods Using a convenience sampling method，elderly patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures were selected from 594 hospitals across 31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities） of China between September and December 2023. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and a postoperative complications questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with postoperative complications in elderly patients with hip fracture. Results A total of 4，907 elderly hip fracture patients were surveyed. Among them，309 patients developed complications after surgery，with an incidence rate of 6.30%. The influencing factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with hip fractures included patient gender，education level，presence of underlying diseases，preoperative self-care ability，reason for hospital admission，methods of health education（guidance by medical staff，video education，WeChat mini-program/public account），and history of previous fractures（P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of postoperative complications in elderly hip fracture patients is influenced by multiple factors. Clinical practice should focus on high-risk populations，actively address modifiable risk factors，and reinforce effective interventions to prevent or reduce postoperative complications.

A mixed-method study of factors influencing quality of life in patients with Behçet’s Disease

XIE Haiyan, CAO Miao, YAN Rui, LIU Sidi, XUE Rongna, XIE Dan

2026, 61(8):  1066-1073.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.008

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Objective To investigate the status of quality of life（QoL） and its influencing factors in patients with Behçet’s disease（BD），in order to inform the development of nursing interventions. Methods We employed a parallel mixed-methods design. From April to May，2024，257 BD patients were recruited via convenience sampling from the WeChat groups of the Behçet Alliance. Quantitative data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire，the Behçet’s Disease Quality of Life Scale（BD-QoL），the Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form（BDCAF），the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale（GAD-7），the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item （PHQ-9），and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（CPSQI）. Influencing factors were identified using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression. For the qualitative component，a phenomenological approach was adopted，and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 BD patients. Interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7-step method. Results In the quantitative study，255 valid questionnaires were returned，yielding a valid response rate of 99.2%. The mean total BD-QoL score was（14.10 ± 8.31）. Multiple linear regression identified rural residence，prominent ocular symptoms，and high levels of anxiety and depression as independent factors affecting QoL（P<0.05）. Qualitative analysis yielded 3 themes：physical limitation and physiological pain；anxiety，depression，and negative self-perception；and social avoidance and impaired Role performance. Integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that ocular symptoms impair QoL through both physical and psychological pathways；anxiety，depression，and negative self-perception form a vicious cycle；inadequate medical and social support in rural areas exacerbates the decline in QoL. Conclusion The QoL of BD patients is influenced by multiple physical，psychological，and social factors. Clinical nursing should implement multidimensional management focused on ocular symptoms，integrate routine GAD-7 and PHQ-9 screening with psychological interventions，and enhance the accessibility of medical resources and social support in rural areas to improve patients’ QoL.

A qualitative study of children’s lived experiences and needs in idiopathic central precocious puberty

SHU Shi, ZHU Shan, YU Genzhen, ZHANG Ping, ZHOU Chenxi, PENG Wei, WANG Zhen

2026, 61(8):  1074-1079.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.009

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Objective To explore the disease experiences and needs of children with idiopathic central precocious puberty（ICPP），aiming to provide more patient-centered medical care and family guidance to improve their quality of life. Methods Using the phenomenological research method，from November to December 2024，convenience sampling was employed to select children with ICPP who were receiving treatment at the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan as the research subjects. Data were collected through semi-structured one-on-one interviews，and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data and extract the core themes. Results A total of 4 themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted：dual distress of body image and social identity （shame and identity confusion due to body development，anxiety about adult height and disease prognosis，self-restraint and avoidance behavior in social activities），physical and mental burden during treatment（pain and fear caused by injection procedures，sense of control loss over lifestyle in disease management，pressure and burnout from long-term treatment），need for privacy protection and support（strong demand for keeping illness privacy confidential，desire for family support and parental company，hope for skilled and empathetic medical care），the requirement for normative development and future life（expectation of effective control of height and weight，hope for early end of treatment and return to normal life，rebuilding confidence and self-acceptance through treatment）. Conclusion Children with ICPP encounter multifaceted physical and psychological challenges throughout the course of the illness. Hospitals，schools，and families should consider children’s psychological changes from multiple angles，actively guide them in correctly understanding their condition，recognize and respond to their needs，and provide personalized support and emotional care to enhance their self-care abilities and health.

Multidisciplinary Collaborative Nursing Research

A study of the effect of occupational therapy combined with vocational rehabilitation on the return to work of postoperative colorectal cancer patients

DU Qian, HU Hengyu, LI Zhen, CAO Jingwen, LIU Xingge, LIU Linli

2026, 61(8):  1080-1087.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.010

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Objective To evaluate the effects of occupational therapy combined with vocational rehabilitation on return-to-work rate，return-to-work self-efficacy，fatigue，and quality of life in postoperative colorectal cancer patients，with the aim of providing evidence-based guidance for clinical nursing practice in facilitating patients’ return to work. Methods 60 postoperative colorectal cancer patients admitted to the Oncology Center and Gastrointestinal Surgery Outpatient Department of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou between April 2024 and February 2025 were selected using convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group （n=30 each） using a random number table. The control group received routine health education，while the experimental group received additional occupational therapy combined with vocational rehabilitation. After a 12-week intervention，outcomes were assessed and compared between groups，including return-to-work rate，return-to-work self-efficacy，fatigue level，and quality of life. Results Post-intervention，the experimental group showed significantly higher return-to-work rates，greater self-efficacy，improved quality of life，and lower fatigue levels compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Occupational therapy combined with vocational rehabilitation significantly enhances return-to-work outcomes，self-efficacy，and quality of life，while effectively reducing fatigue in postoperative colorectal cancer patients.

Study on the effect of social support changes on physical activity in patients with lung cancer before and after chemotherapy

TAN Yuanqiao, LIU Weichen, WANG Luxiu, ZHANG Le, HENG Qingyi, LING Ying

2026, 61(8):  1088-1094.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.011

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Objective To explore the subtypes and dynamic changes of social support among patients with lung cancer before and after chemotherapy，and to examine their effects on physical activity，thereby providing evidence for the development of individualized clinical interventions. Methods A total of 245 patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy for the first time in 2 tertiary hospitals in Nanning from October 2024 to June 2025 were selected by convenience sampling method. The perceived social support scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form were used to investigate before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy. Results A total of 232 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The social support score of lung cancer patients before chemotherapy was（60.64±11.34） points，and it was（59.90±11.94） points after chemotherapy. The physical activity level before chemotherapy was 1 600.50（1040.00，2 345.25） MET-min/w，and it was 1 065.50（621.00，1 650.00） METS after chemotherapy. Before and after chemotherapy，3 subtypes of a family-led low out-of-family support group，a family-led medium out-of-family support group and a family-friend-other collaborative high support group were identified. The results of latent transition analysis showed that each group had a 50% probability of remaining stable in the original group. The results of generalized estimation equation showed that the physical activity level of lung cancer patients with different social support subtypes decreased significantly after chemotherapy，but the physical activity level of patients in the collaborative high support group was higher than that in the family-led low out-of-family support group and the high out-of-family support group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Social support among lung cancer patients exhibits heterogeneity and dynamic changes before and after chemotherapy，with high-level social support promoting physical activity. Healthcare providers should identify changes in social support among lung cancer patients at an early stage and implement individualized interventions to improve patients’ overall support and physical activity levels，thereby enhancing their quality of life.

A study on the impact of fertility culture on pregnant women’s decision-making regarding physical activity during pregnancy and its nursing implications

DU Yijuan, CAO Yanfei, XU Qian, CHENG Zhirun, CHEN Tian, ZHANG Feng

2026, 61(8):  1095-1100.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.012

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Objective Based on the perspective of Chinese fertility culture，the study explored the impact of cultural factors on the decision-making of pregnant women regarding physical activity. It aimed to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms behind the insufficient physical activity of pregnant women in China and promote higher levels of physical activity during pregnancy. Methods The research method of grounded theory was adopted，and a purposive sampling approach was employed to select 15 pregnant women from a tertiary hospital in Nantong City as research subjects between December 2024 and March 2025. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from the perspective of fertility culture，using the proceduralized grounded theory to analyze the data through 3 levels of coding. Results The analysis revealed that fertility culture influenced pregnant women’s physical activity decision-making in 4 aspects：the implicit norms of intergenerational fertility culture on decision-making，the risk-avoidance decision logic in traditional fertility culture，the reshaping of decision-making among working women under modern fertility culture，and the decision-making strategies for physical activity amid the cultures integration. Conclusion Fertility culture deeply participates in pregnant women’s physical activity decision-making by influencing their cognitive beliefs，behavioral choices，and activity patterns. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the impact of cultural factors on pregnant women’s physical activity. They should enhance support for pregnant women through diverse channels and create a reproductive-friendly social atmosphere to improve the quality of prenatal care.

A qualitative study on the medical decision-making process of patients with periprosthetic joint infection of the knee

XU Guoping, HU Huanting, LI Li, JIN Jingfen, JIANG Jiajiang, REN Ying

2026, 61(8):  1101-1106.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.013

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Objective To explore the healthcare decision-making journey of patients with periprosthetic joint infection（PJI） after knee arthroplasty，and to provide references for facilitating patients’ decision-making processes. Methods Using purposive sampling，11 patients with postoperative knee PJI hospitalized in the orthopedic joint ward of a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews from August to September 2025. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method. Results Totally 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes were identified：the initial stage of discomfort and problem awareness（repeated physical symptoms，psychological concerns and attribution confusion，self-handling and information limitations，the impact of doctor-patient information asymmetry），the stage of medical decision-making and diagnosis establishment（anxiety and visit motivation，difficulty in diagnosis and referral after visit），the stage of treatment decision-making and response after diagnosis（information collection and decision basis，psychological weighing in treatment choice），and the stage of reflection during the recovery period and behavioral adjustment（improvement of rehabilitation behaviors based on experience，reflection on previous medical decisions，physical and mental challenges during the recovery process，satisfaction and continuous vigilance under the influence of traumatic memories）. Conclusion The healthcare decision-making process for knee PJI patients is complex，with distinct needs in symptom assessment，healthcare choices，and final decision-making. Recommendations include providing clear symptom management guidelines，establishing efficient communication channels，developing decision aids，setting phased rehabilitation goals，and implementing comprehensive psychological support systems to optimize medical resource allocation and address patients’ decision-making needs.

Rare Disease and Critical Care

Rehabilitation nursing care for a child with complete Shone’s syndrome and severe pulmonary hypertension

LIU Suling, JIANG Weihong, LI Xiaoyan, TANG Xiaomin

2026, 61(8):  1107-1111.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.014

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To summarize the nursing experience regarding the rehabilitation of a child with complete Shone’s syndrome complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension. Key nursing interventions included：implementing pre-rehabilitation to optimize preoperative physiological status；reinforcing the management of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease to prevent global heart failure；maintaining hemodynamic stability to reduce the risk of malignant arrhythmias；providing sequential respiratory support to promote pulmonary function recovery；implementing stepwise nutritional support to improve nutritional status；conducting follow-up monitoring and guidance to enhance the quality of continuity of care. After 17 days of meticulous treatment and nursing，the child was discharged successfully. At the 2-month follow-up，cardiac ultrasound indicated favorable cardiac valve and heart function，with only mild mitral regurgitation and no residual obstruction observed.

Nursing care of a patient with complex intestinal fistula following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer

CHEN Jianfen, ZHU Huidi, DONG Kimberly

2026, 61(8):  1112-1116.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.015

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This article summarized the nursing experience of a patient with complex intestinal fistula characterized by multiple complete intestinal disruptions following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Key nursing interventions included：utilizing an AI-powered system for the early identification and warning of septic shock，enabling emergency rescue to save the patient’s life；establishing and optimizing a dual abdominal cavity-wound negative pressure irrigation system to effectively control infection；enhancing the management of the open wound to promote tissue repair；applying a hemorrhage risk prediction model to guide the prevention and control of massive intra-abdominal bleeding；establishing enteral nutrition access through the enteroatmospheric fistula to resolve nutritional support challenges；implementing comprehensive hospital infection control strategies throughout the treatment course. After 129 days of individualized nursing care，the patient’s infection was controlled，nutritional status improved，and the patient successfully underwent definitive surgery and was discharged upon recovery.

Evidence Synthesis Research

Systematic review of measurement properties of psoriasis patient specific self-reported outcome assessment tools and nursing implications

HUANG Xuan, GUO Shuping, Caldenas Xiaodong, XIE Yunying, WANG Hanmin, ZHANG Yumei, LIU Taoli, LI Li

2026, 61(8):  1117-1124.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.016

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Objective To conduct a systematic performance evaluation and methodological quality assessment of patient-reported outcome measures（PROMs） specific to psoriasis，thereby providing evidence to support clinical recommendations for appropriate tools. Methods Databases including PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang，and CBM were searched from inception to June 1，2025 for studies on the development or validation of psoriasis-specific PROMs. A total of 2 researchers independently conducted the literature search and extraction. The COSMIN bias risk checklist and quality assessment criteria were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies and psychometric properties of the instruments，with recommendations subsequently formulated. Results 12 studies covering 10 psoriasis-specific PROM tools were included. Among these，the Psoriasis Arthritis Disease Impact Questionnaire（PsAID） and the Nail Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life Scale（NAPPA-QoL） were rated as ‘adequate’ for both content validity and internal consistency，receiving an ‘A’ grade recommendation. The remaining 8 tools were rated as ‘B’ grade. Conclusion PsAID and NAPPA-QoL demonstrate favourable overall methodological quality and measurement performance，warranting priority use in clinical practice. However，further validation studies remain necessary.

User experiences with virtual reality in patients with mild cognitive impairment：a Meta-synthesis

ZHANG Ying, LIU Shujuan, WANG Jingrui, MA Qianrong

2026, 61(8):  1125-1131.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.017

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Objective To systematize and synthesize qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of individuals with mild cognitive impairment（MCI） using virtual reality（VR） technology，thereby informing the development of targeted interventions. Methods A systematic computer-based search was conducted across 10 domestic and international databases for qualitative studies focusing on the VR user experiences of MCI patients，covering the period from the inception of each database to October 2025. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI） Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Findings were synthesized via a meta-aggregation approach，and the quality of the synthesized evidence was evaluated. Results A total of 8 studies were included，from which 31 findings were extracted. These findings were categorized into 12 subcategories，ultimately converging into 3 synthesized findings：1） A complex interplay of multifaceted user experiences encompassing perceptions of novelty and enjoyment，an immersive sense of presence，and challenges arising from technological barriers；2） Perceived improvements in physical and cognitive functioning coupled with an enhanced sense of control over daily life，including perceived cognitive remediation and optimized physical functioning，increased psychological and physical well-being，acquisition of coping strategies，proactive engagement in cognitive exercises in daily routines，heightened motivation for social participation，and a restored sense of self-worth；3） An intertwined set of requirements for technology use，including the need for multifaceted support and assurances，desires for further refinement of VR training programs，and an expressed willingness for sustained future engagement with the technology. The ConQual score indicated an overall moderate level of quality in the synthesized evidence. Conclusion Healthcare providers should closely pay attention to patients’ experiences with VR technology，identify their specific cognitive rehabilitation needs，and formulate tailored intervention strategies to prevent the progression from MCI to dementia.

Review

The application of wearable devices in dynamic monitoring and management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease：a scoping review

LI Qiuhua, FU Guifen, JIANG Jianhua, YIN Dan, ZUO Jing, LIU Yanqun

2026, 61(8):  1132-1140.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.018

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Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies on the application of wearable devices in dynamic monitoring and management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease（IBD），so as to provide references for intelligent health management of IBD patients. Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，Cochrane Library，CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，and CBM databases to identify relevant studies from the establishment of databases to August 2025. The included literature was summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 33 articles were included. The application forms of wearable devices included motion monitoring devices，health monitoring devices and entertainment interactive devices. The monitored indicators included physical activity，sleep，heart rate，inflammatory factors and bowel sounds. The scope of application involved physiological health monitoring，digital biomarker monitoring，exercise intervention，early enteral nutrition and psychological intervention. Conclusion Wearable devices can dynamically monitor physiological health indicators of IBD patients in real time，early identify and warn health risks，and provide multimodal data for accurate health management of digital intelligence. It is necessary to conduct large-sample，high-quality and long-term follow-up studies to provide higher quality evidence support for this field in the future.

Research progress on fidelity of intervention programs for cognitive impairment patients from the perspective of implementation science

XIONG Lisha, YUAN Yue, WANG Sixue, WANG Yuncui

2026, 61(8):  1141-1147.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.019

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Fidelity is one of the key outcome evaluation indicators in implementation research，as it influences both the internal validity and external generalizability of interventions. This article reviews the evolution of the fidelity concept and its assessment methods，analyzes the factors affecting fidelity in interventions for individuals with cognitive impairment，and summarizes the current status of fidelity assessment，promotion strategies，research challenges，and future directions in this field. The aim is to provide a reference for researchers to refine interventions for cognitive impairment patients and to enhance the comprehensiveness，reliability，and credibility of subsequent implementation studies.

Recent advances in the application of digital biomarkers for disease assessment and monitoring in cancer patients

LI Yan, XU Cuiping

2026, 61(8):  1148-1152.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.08.020

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Digital biomarkers refer to biological characteristic indicators obtained via digital health technologies that can dynamically reflect the physiological and pathological states of patients in natural settings or predict disease risks. Characterized by objectivity，continuity，and low burden，they can guide clinical decision-making and nursing interventions for cancer patients. This article reviews the data types and collection tools of digital biomarkers，as well as their applications in disease screening，disease assessment，and other aspects among cancer patients. Furthermore，it puts forward application challenges and corresponding countermeasures，aiming to promote the application of digital biomarkers in the nursing care of cancer patients in China.