Table of Content

20 April 2025, Volume 60 Issue 8

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Specialist Nursing Practice and Research

Construction and application of an exercise intervention scheme for patients with colorectal cancer

QIN Xiaohong, ZHANG Lianjie, YIN Qing, LIU Meiling, CHEN Si

2025, 60(8):  901-907.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.001

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Objective To construct an exercise intervention scheme for postoperative colorectal cancer patients and evaluate its application. Methods The research team summarized the evidence on exercise recommendations for patients with colorectal cancer（CRC） and constructed an exercise intervention scheme through group discussion，expert consultation，semi-structured interviews，and onsite consultation. Patients with CRC admitted to the Department of Colorectal Surgery of a tertiary A hospital in Jilin province were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sampling method from October 2023 to March 2024. The test group and the control group included 35 patients in each group. The test group received basic nursing and exercise intervention，the control group received basic nursing and knowledge-based education. The 2 groups were compared in terms of physical activity, number of 30 s chair-stand test，and physical activity compliance score at 1 week post-intervention and 1 month post-intervention. Results There were 4 cases dropped in the test group and 3 cases dropped in the control group. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were between-group and time interaction effects for walking time，sedentary time，and the number of chair stands in 30 s in the 2 groups（P<0.05）. The experimental group’s walking time，sedentary time，the number of chair stands in 30 s，moderate physical activity time and the physical activity compliance scores were better than those of the control group after the intervention，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion This exercise intervention based on a multi-theory model significantly increased the moderate physical activity time and walking time，decreased the sedentary time and improved compliance with physical activity recommendations, which may improve lower limb muscle strength in postoperative colorectal cancer patients.

Development and application of a risk management system for complications of peripheral intravenous indwelling needle

JIANG Shan, GUO Caixia, GUO Lihua, ZHAO Yuanyuan, XIAO Meng, YANG Yiling, WEI Chunyan, LI Shuo, LIU Dianyuan, SHANG Zhili

2025, 60(8):  908-913.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.002

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Objective To develop a risk management system for complications associated with peripheral venous indwelling needles and to evaluate its application effect in order to reduce the risk of related complications. Methods We designed a comprehensive risk management system for peripheral intravenous indwelling needle complications，integrating specialized evidence-based guidelines with clinical practice insights，including 5 modules: intelligent assessment and decision support，intelligent inspection reminders，educational modules，collaborative case management procedures, and a knowledge base. Patients admitted to the neurology and internal classification metabolism departments of a tertiary hospital in Jilin Province were conveniently selected as the research subjects. Patients were assigned to a control group（from May to July 2022，before the implementation of the system） and an experimental group（from September to December 2022，after the implementation of the system）. The incidence of complications, duration of indwelling needle，compliance rate of core indicators for nursing quality and number of nursing consultations were compared between the groups. Additionally，a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess clinical nurses’ evaluations of the system. Results A total of 189 patients were included in the experimental group and 177 patients in the control group. The incidence of complications associated with peripheral intravenous indwelling needles was lower than that in the control group. The duration of indwelling peripheral intravenous needles was longer than that in the control group. The quality compliance rate of peripheral venous indwelling needle care in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group，and the number of consultation cases in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. Comparisons between the 2 groups showed statistically significant differences for all indicators（P<0.05）. The nurses’ recognition rates for the system’s user-friendliness，professional guidance，and patient benefit were 77.78%，81.74%，and 82.13%，respectively. Conclusion The application of a peripheral vein indwelling needle complication risk management system can reduce the incidence of complications，prolong the duration of indwelling，and improve nursing quality. Nurses have a high recognition of this system.

Construction of a nursing follow-up checklist for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

WANG Ting, WANG Jiating, JIN Aiyun, ZHU Xiaming, FANG Yun, WANG Jing, TIAN Fei, PU Yiqin, WAN Ying, HE Jin, YAN Xia

2025, 60(8):  914-920.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.003

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Objective To construct a nursing follow-up checklist for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，providing a basis for postoperative follow-up care. Methods Using evidence-based methods，the literature from major guide websites and databases using Chinese and English search terms was retrieved，and their quality was evaluated. The relevant items were extracted，and a first draft was formed. 15 experts were selected in relevant fields from 14 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces，cities，and autonomous regions across the country for Delphi inquiry. The nursing follow-up checklist was revised again based on expert opinions and clinical practice. The nursing follow-up checklist was initially applied and then revised again to form the final draft. Results 15 experts include 12 undergraduate and 3 master’s degree holders. The positivity coefficients of the 2 rounds of inquiry were 100%；the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.815；the Kendall coefficients were 0.119 and 0.144，respectively；the differences were statistically significant（P<0.001）. The final nursing follow-up checklist was formed，which includes 6 primary indicators，including physiological status，psychological status，social and family support，living conditions，disease knowledge，and laboratory tests. 19 patients（95%） found the follow-up content to be comprehensive. The follow-up nurses’s satisfaction rate exceeded 85%. There were 27 secondary indicators and 61 tertiary indicators，with coefficients of variation of all indicators less than 0.25. Conclusion The nursing follow-up checklist is scientific，reliable，and practical，which can provide a basis for clinical nursing staff to follow up and comprehensively manage patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Study on the change trajectory of self-acceptance of patients with permanent urostomy and nursing countermeasures

LIN Qianwen, WU Jiaxin, WU Ganqing, GU Xiaofeng, SHEN Yedi

2025, 60(8):  921-927.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.004

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Objective To explore the change trajectory of self-acceptance of patients with permanent urostomy，in order to provide basis for self-acceptance intervention practice of patients. Methods 168 patients with abdominal wall stoma with urinary diversion from June 2021 to June 2023 in Fudan University Cancer Hospital were selected as the survey subjects by convenience sampling. We used a general information questionnaire，SAQ，PTGI，SSRS，and COST-PROM. Baseline surveys were conducted a week after surgery（T0），and follow-up surveys were conducted at 1 month（T1），3 months（T2），and 6 months（T3） after discharge. The mixed model of latent variable growth was used to analyze the change trajectory of self-acceptance of patients with permanent urinary stoma，and the core predictors of each subtype were explored through the decision tree model. Results The number of patients who participated in the 4 surveys was 168，168，165 and 163，respectively，and the final questionnaire recovery rate was 97.02%（163/168）. The self-acceptance scores of patients with permanent urostomy were（35.72 ± 8.63） （36.81 ± 9.23） （39.88 ± 8.95） and（43.17 ± 9.56） points，respectively. The 3 subgroups of self-acceptance changes were identified，including low self-acceptance slow rising group（49.08%），medium self-acceptance first falling then rising group（30.06%），and medium self-acceptance fast rising group（20.86%）（P<0.001）. The decision tree model showed that education level，age，post-traumatic growth，social support，and economic burden could all predict the change track subtype of self-acceptance of patients with permanent urostomy，and the importance of post-traumatic growth was 100%. Conclusion The self- acceptance of patients with permanent urostomy is generally on the rise，and there is a population heterogeneity development track. Posttraumatic growth is the core predictor. It is important to identify the slow increase group of low self-acceptance according to the predictive indicators，and construct an intervention program focusing on improving the post-traumatic growth of patients with permanent urinary stoma to improve their self-acceptance level.

Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for intraoperative acquired pressure injury in neurosurgical children

HAN Shanshan, QIN Yongping, QU Hong, ZHENG Xianlan

2025, 60(8):  928-933.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.005

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Objective To construct a risk prediction model for intraoperative acquired pressure injury（IAPI） during neurosurgery in pediatric patients，and verify the predictive effect of the model，to provide a reference for preventing IAPI during neurosurgery in pediatric patients. Methods The clinical data of 776 pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery in a tertiary-level hospital in Chongqing from January to June 2023 were retrospectively collected. The risk factors for IAPI were explored through univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis. The fitting degree and predictive effect of the model were verified by Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operator characteristic（ROC） curve，respectively. The model was validated internally by Bootstrap. Results The incidence of IAPI during neurosurgery in pediatric patients was 7.99%. Logistic regression analysis showed that bleeding volume，anesthesia time，age，intraoperative use of instruments such as drills and milling cutters that increase external force，and surgical position were the factors influencing IAPI in neurosurgical children（all P<0.05）. The results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that χ²=3.636，P=0.888. The results of internal verification showed that the sensitivity of the model was 0.59；the specificity was 0.81；the area under the ROC curve was 0.79. Conclusion This study analyzes the risk factors for IAPI during neurosurgery in pediatric patients and constructs a line chart prediction model with good predictive performance，which can provide a reference for individualized prediction of the risk of IAPI during neurosurgery in pediatric patients. It can provide a scientific basis for clinical nursing staff to identify high-risk children with IAPI early and take personalized preventive measures in time.

Analysis of thirst sensation in patients with cirrhosis and its influencing factors

LIU Fang, LIU Yunfang, DE Zong, PI Rong, HE Zihan, LI Suyun

2025, 60(8):  934-939.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.006

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Objective To understand the current situation of thirst in patients with cirrhosis and analyze its influencing factors，in order to improve medical staff’s attention to thirst symptoms in patients with cirrhosis and provide theoretical basis for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 220 patients with cirrhosis who were hospitalized in the infection department of a tertiary A general hospital in Wuhan from March to June 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method. General data questionnaire，Numerical Score Scale and Thirst Distress Scale were used to investigate the factors affecting thirst sensation in patients with cirrhosis. Results A total of 202 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 91.82%. The results showed that the incidence of thirst in patients with cirrhosis was 59.41%；the score of thirst was 3.00（3.00，6.00）points，and the mean score of thirst was 3.09. Among them，43.07% of the patients with cirrhosis were in the moderate to severe level of thirst. The score of Thirst Distress Scale is 6.00（6.00，17.00） points，and the average score of thirst distress was 11.62 points，which was in the medium level. 47.03% of patients with cirrhosis indicated thirst distress，and 23.76% of patients with cirrhosis which was in the moderate and severe level of distress. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of ascites，the use of diuretics，the stage of disease，and the degree of thirst distress were the factors influencing the degree of thirst in patients with cirrhosis（P<0.05）. Gender，marital status，degree of ascites，use of diuretic drugs，disease stage and degree of thirst were the factors influencing degree of thirst distress in patients with cirrhosis（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence and severity of thirst in patients with cirrhosis are relatively high，and are affected by many factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to the management of thirst symptoms in patients with cirrhosis，and formulate targeted nursing measures or nursing programs according to the related influencing factors of thirst，so as to improve the comfort level of patients and improve the disease experience of patients.

A qualitative study on family fusion experience of breast cancer patients and inspiration for nursing care

TANG Ruijin, HAN Jing, LI Xiaoxu, WANG Dan

2025, 60(8):  940-946.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.007

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Objective To explore the ways of breast cancer patients and family fusion and self-adjustment strategies，and to provide reference information for the adjustment of breast cancer patients and their families. Methods By purposive and theoretical sampling，we selected patients who sought medical treatment at a tertiary hospital from September 2020 to July 2023. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in the suspicion，diagnosis，treatment，and recovery periods，respectively. Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory was used for data analysis. Results The behavioural characteristics of breast cancer patients’ fusion with their families throughout the disease trajectory were anxiety transmission，information sharing，emotional connection and experience review. The patient’s fusion behaviour can bring dual psychological experiences to the patients，including a sense of relaxation and anxiety，a sense of trust and loss of control，a sense of intimacy and constraint，and a sense of meaning and burden. Self-adjustment strategies，such as staying calm，opening communication，setting boundaries and self-identification，can promote patients’ and families’ adaptation. Conclusion The adjustment model of breast cancer patients and family fusion suggests medical staff to pay attention to the identification of emotional reactions of patients and their families in family fusion according to the behavioural characteristics of patients and family integration，and timely apply self-adjustment strategies to improve patients’ behavioural management ability，reduce negative emotions in the family system，and promote the adjustment of patients and families.

The psychological help-seeking experience of adolescents with mood disorders：a qualitative study

ZHANG Ziyi, DU Bing, ZHANG Jinzhi, YIN Min

2025, 60(8):  947-952.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.008

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Objective The study explored the psychological help-seeking experiences of adolescents with mood disorder，so as to provide references for healthcare professionals to carry out relevant interventions to facilitate adolescents’ early access to mental health services. Methods A qualitative research was adopted，and 14 adolescents with mood disorder admitted to a tertiary hospital in Lanzhou City from December 2023 to March 2024 were interviewed by semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed by Colaizzi seven-step method. Results 3 themes were extracted，including long and tortuous help-seeking journey（maladaptive coping，continuous exploration of informal help-seeking behavior，formal help-seeking for crisis-triggered or needs-driven），the psychological experience intertwining struggles and expectations（disappointment at not being taken seriously，helplessness at not being understood，expectation of more understanding and support），barriers to help-seeking（lack of knowledge，difficulties with self-disclosure，lack of trust，negative attitudes encountered when seeking informal help，negative experiences during formal help-seeking）. Conclusion Adolescents with mood disorder experienced a long and tortuous journey while seeking help，faced with numerous barriers along the process，and desired to be understood and supported. Healthcare professionals should collaborate with families，schools，and other resources，to improve adolescents’ mental health literacy and establish a robust social support system，so as to provide reliable support for adolescents with mood disorder in accessing professional mental health services.

Human Resource Management and Career Development

Development of a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Questionnaire for Nursing Assistants on Humanistic Care and the test of its reliability and validity

REN Yanhong, LIU Yilan, HAN Ying, LI Chaoqiao, ZHANG Youqian, HE Xiaoxiao, WANG Wei, YANG Sai

2025, 60(8):  953-959.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.009

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Objective To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Questionnaire for Nursing Assistants on Humanistic Care and test its reliability and validity，in order to provide a valid tool for evaluating their humanistic care competence. Methods Based on the theory of knowledge，attitude and practice，the first draft of the questionnaire was developed through literature review，semi-structured interviews，2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation，and pre-surveys. All nursing assistants from 4 tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province were investigated by convenient sample，and the reliability and validity were tested from May to July，2024. Results 412 questionnaires were distributed and 399 valid questionnaires were recovered，with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 96.84%. The final knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire include 3 dimensions of knowledge，attitude and practice，with a total of 24 items and cumulative contribution rate was 65.338%. The CVI of each item in the questionnaire ranged from 0.800 to 1.000，with an average of 0.981. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale model had a good fit. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.941，and the test-retest reliability coefficient of the questionnaire after 2 weeks was 0.923. Conclusion The knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as a valid tool for evaluating the competence of humanistic care of nursing assistants.

Textual analysis of provincial policy on nursing assistant training and management in China

MING Aihong, LONG Xiuhong, LIANG Zhijin, LI Li, LI Fengmin, LIN Sihui, YANG Yunfan, WANG Zhihui, FENG Tian

2025, 60(8):  960-967.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.010

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Objective To analyze the deployment of policy instruments and the distribution of stakeholder engagement in provincial policies on nursing assistant training and management. Methods The relevant policy texts on nursing assistant training and management were systematically searched and collected from the official websites of provincial governments and their direct departments，CNKI，and the PKU Law Database. A two-dimensional framework of policy instruments-stakeholder was constructed，and the content analysis was used to classify，encode and quantify policy clauses. Results The study encompassed 20 provincial-level nursing assistant training and management policies，yielding a total of 359 codes. Within the policy instruments dimension，environmental，supply，and demand instruments constituted 66.30%，28.97%，and 4.74%，respectively. In terms of stakeholders，the management-side accounted for 56.55%，providers and trainers for 18.11% each，partners for 5.01%，and demand-side for 2.23%. Both management-side and trainers engaged with 3 policy instruments，providers with 2，and partners and demand-side with one each. Conclusion In the provincial nursing assistant training and management policies，there are differences in the deployment of policy instruments，and the distribution of stakeholders is uneven. Managers should pay attention to publicity guidance and platform construction，improve incentive mechanisms and training programs，and innovate cooperation models with stakeholders，as well as strengthen communication and exchange.

Rare Disease and Critical Care

Nursing care of a parturient with broad ligament hematoma complicated with hemorrhagic shock in vaginal delivery

XU Xiaopei, LI Qiufang, HU Xiaoli

2025, 60(8):  968-971.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.011

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To summarize the nursing experience of a case involving hemorrhagic shock caused by broad ligament hematoma in vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Nursing points include：recognition and first aid for occult postpartum haemorrhage；precise management of blood transfusion and volume resuscitation；objective-oriented temperature management strategy；postoperative observation and care for abdominal packing；provision of breastfeeding support in case of separation of mother and child；comprehensive psychological nursing support throughout all stages. Following active treatment and nursing interventions，the patient was discharged 10 d after surgery.

Nursing care of 14 children after double lung transplantation for secondary bronchiolitis obliterans after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

LIANG Jiangshuyuan, WANG Yandie, ZENG Fei, LAN Meijuan, GU Peipei

2025, 60(8):  972-976.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.012

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To summarize the nursing experience of 14 children after double lung transplantation for secondary bronchiolitis obliterans after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT）. Nursing points：to improve preoperative evaluation，actively improve the body status；to conduct the whole-process ECMO management to achieve early safe evacuation；to carry out the task feedback breathing training game to promote lung function；to implement the interest-oriented game exercise to promote muscle strength；to conduct the symptom-matched nutritional support，coping with gastrointestinal graft-host disease；to improve discharge preparation and empower primary caregivers. After careful nursing care，all of the 14 children were discharged smoothly. The follow-up result showed that the children had normal lung function and activities of daily living.

Nursing care of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension combined with giant heart after double lung transplantation

RONG Danqing, WEI Jianhua, WENG Fengxia, ZHANG Ping, SANG Ming

2025, 60(8):  977-980.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.013

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To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension complicated with giant heart after lung transplantation. Key nursing points：to set up volume management measures in stages to avoid hemodynamic disorders；to monitor cardiac function closely and be alert to the occurrence of low cardiac output syndrome；to closely observe heart rate and heart rhythm to correct arrhythmia as soon as possible；the sequential ventilation strategy was adopted to promote the recovery of lung function. Progressive implementation of individual rehabilitation was conducted，and the patient activity tolerance was improved. After careful treatment and nursing，the patient was successfully transferred to the general ward 29 days after surgery，recovered from the hospital 41 days after surgery，followed up for 6 months，and recovered well.

Nursing care for 5 patients undergoing heart transplantation following removal of implantable left ventricular assist devices

MA Yan, WANG Xiangyu, ZANG Meina, GUO Conghui, XING Haiying, WU Rong, LI Qingyin

2025, 60(8):  981-985.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.014

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This study summarizes the preoperative and intraoperative nursing experience in 5 cases of bridge-to-transplant heart transplantation with left ventricular assist device（LVAD） explant. Key points of nursing include：preoperative care and assessment of LVAD patients，preoperative discussion of the multidisciplinary team，safe transfer of patients to surgical rooms and other preoperative preparation，cardiomyocardial protection and multidisciplinary team cooperation during bridging transplantation，and intra-operative patient safety management. All 5 patients in this group successfully completed the surgery and were discharged. Pressure sores，wound infections，and other postoperative complications have not occurred. Postoperative cardiac function of 5 patients in this group were classified as New York Heart Association class Ⅰ~Ⅱ. The follow-up period for the 5 patients in this group ranged from 6 months to 6 years. The results of the most recent echocardiography follow-up showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction of all patients was all above 65%，with well prognosis.

Nursing care of a patient with acute injection botulism with respiratory failure

CHEN Lingxin, DONG Lianlian, WEI Wenjing, LUO Xueli, YU Fenghui

2025, 60(8):  986-989.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.015

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To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with acute injection botulism complicated with respiratory failure. The key nursing points include early standard use of botulinum antitoxin therapy to improve the signs of myasthenia；to strengthen respiratory support and airway management，to carry out respiratory training，and to promote the recovery of respiratory function；swallowing function training and dynamic evaluation were carried out to promote the recovery of swallowing function；narrative nursing was carried out to relieve patient’s negative emotions. After 17 days of treatment and nursing care，the patient was removed from the tracheal tube on the 7th day，transferred to the general ward on the 14th day，and discharged successfully on the 17th day with a good prognosis. A telephone follow-up was conducted 4 months after discharge，and the patient recovered well.

Evidence Synthesis Research

The effectiveness of applying different tip positions of midline catheters：a Meta-analysis

SHENG Wanting, WANG Rui, ZHAO Yuxiao, QI Pengfei, GAO Silong, FENG Juan, LÜ Bohan, NIU Qun, WANG Gang

2025, 60(8):  990-997.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.016

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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different tip positions applied to midline catheters（MC） and provide evidence-based evidence for venous catheter tip positioning in clinical practice. Methods Computerized searches of PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP，and CBM for studies on the effectiveness of applying MC with different tip positions were performed from the time of database construction to July 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software after 2 investigators independently screened the studies，extracted the information and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Results A total of 9 studies with 2 302 hospitalized patients were included. The quality evaluation results of the included studies are all B-level. Meta-analysis showed that when the tip of the MC was located in the subclavian vein compared with the tip of the MC in the axillary vein，the rate of total catheter-related complications，phlebitis，blood leakage，infiltration，catheter occlusion，catheter dislocation，and catheter-associated thrombosis were lower，with a statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. When the tip of the MC was located in the subclavian vein compared with the tip of the MC in the axillary vein，the catheter retention time was longer，with a statistically significant difference（P=0.007）. The descriptive analysis showed a lower rate of extubation due to complications when the tip of the MC was located in the subclavian vein compared with when the tip was located in the axillary vein（P<0.05）. Conclusion When the tip of the MC is located in the subclavian vein compared to when it is located in the axillary vein，the incidence of total catheter-related complications，phlebitis，blood leakage，infiltration，catheter occlusion，catheter dislocation，catheter-associated thrombosis，and the rate of catheter extractions due to complications were lower，and the catheter was left in place for a longer period of time. Due to the limitations of the quantity and quality of the included studies，more large-sample，high-quality studies are needed to further validate the effectiveness of different tip positions of MC.

Summary of best evidence for early rehabilitation management of hand function in patients with hand burns

YAN Xueqin, CAO Songmei, ZHOU Fangfang, ZHU Liqun, CHEN Cheng, ZHU Mengxue, ZHANG Yanhong, LIANG Yiqing, BAI Suping

2025, 60(8):  998-1004.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.017

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Objective To summarize the best evidence of early rehabilitation management of hand function in patients with hand burn，and provide basis for medical personnel to carry out early rehabilitation management of hand burn. Methods According to the 5S model，all evidence on early rehabilitation management of hand function in patients with hand burns was retrieved from databases and websites including UpToDate，BMJ Best Practice，NICE，RNAO，GIN，and so on. The retrieved evidence included clinical decisions，guidelines，evidence summaries，expert consensuses，systematic reviews，Meta analysis. The search period of the summary of best evidence, expert concensus and guidelines are from the establishment of the database to December 20，2024，and the search period of the systematic reviews is from January 1，2019 to December 20，2024. Quality evaluation of literature，evidence extraction and summary were conducted. The evidence was graded according to JBI evidence pre-grading system 2014. Results Totally 17 pieces of the literature were included，including 1 clinical decision，4 guidelines，6 evidence summaries，3 expert consensus articles，and 3 systematic reviews. Totally pieces of best evidence were summarized，including 7 aspects of assessment，hand positioning，treatment of edema，dressing，use of orthotics，joint mobility training，and health education. Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence of early rehabilitation management of hand function in patients with hand burn，and provided evidence-based evidence for clinical rehabilitation management plan. According to the clinical situation，the medical staff can apply the evidence to clinical practice，so as to improve the hand function and quality of life of patients.

Summary of the best evidence for surgical instrument management strategies in medical institutions

LIANG Yuanyuan, GAO Xinglian, DAI Zhangzhang, ZHOU Rongchao, HU Juanjuan, WANG Zengyan, SHEN Jianhui

2025, 60(8):  1005-1011.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.018

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Objective To retrieve and evaluate the evidence related to surgical instrument management，and to integrate the evidence to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical surgical instrument management practice. Methods Evidence on surgical instrument management，including guidelines，expert consensuses，and clinical decision-making，was systematically searched from domestic and international databases and related websites. The search timeframe was from database construction to 4 November 2024. Literature was screened and evaluated，and the evidence was integrated by 2 researchers. Results A total of 16 papers were included，including 2 systematic evaluations，1 class experimental study，2 clinical decisions，4 expert consensuses，5 guidelines，and 2 evidence summaries，resulting in a total of 33 pieces of evidence in 5 areas，including requirements for surgical instrument management，general principles of surgical instrument handling，logistics and supply chain management of surgical instruments，surgical instrument pre-treatment and cleaning，disinfection，and sterilisation processes，and personnel training. Conclusion This study summarises the best available evidence on the management of surgical instruments in hospitals and provides an evidence-based basis for healthcare professionals to manage surgical instruments，thereby improving the quality and efficiency of surgical instrument disposal.

Review

Application of biomechanical simulation based on three-dimensional human body model in preventing pressure ulcers：a scoping review

RAN Lingxiao, WANG Dongmin, XU Ke, WANG Cong, CAO Hua, CUN Wei, JIANG Yan

2025, 60(8):  1012-1018.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.019

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Objective A scoping review of domestically and internationally published studies on finite element analysis（FEA） based on three-dimensional（3D） human body model in preventing pressure ulcer（PU） was conducted，aiming to provide new directions for improving the prevention strategies of pressure ulcer. Methods We conducted a systematic search in both Chinese and English medical databases，including PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Sinomed，CNKI，Wanfang and VIP，and engineering database（Engineering Village Compen-dex）. The search period was from the inception of each database to July 29，2024. The information was extracted，and the results were analyzed and standardized for reporting. Results A total of 30 studies were included. The general methods of FEA based on 3D human body model include establishing geometric model，meshing，defining material properties，loading and setting boundary conditions，and solving equations. According to the contents of studies，they could be categorized into 4 distinct application domains，including identification of risk groups（n=9），position management（n=9），preventive dressings（n=10） and supportive surfaces（n=7）. Conclusion FEA based on 3D human body model provides a foundation to PU biomechanical mechanism research and a scientific basis to the supplement and optimization of clinical prevention. Future studies should integrate clinical problems with simulations and further optimize simulations techniques and protocols.

Application of information-based risk communication in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases：a scoping review

JIN Yujia, JIANG Hu, WANG Xiaoxuan, YI Jingna, MEI Yongxia, GUO Zhiting, ZHANG Zhenxiang, LIN Beilei

2025, 60(8):  1019-1025.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.020

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Objective To review the application scope of risk communication based on eHealth technology in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases，so as to provide references for future research and application. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed，Cochrane Library，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，PsycINFO，CNKI，Wanfang database，and SinoMed. The search time limit was from the establishment of databases to March 1，2024. The included literature was summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 24 articles were included. The forms of eHealth technology applied in risk communication for primary prevention of cardiovascular include online websites，computerized decision support systems，electronic health records，mobile applications，email，telephone，and text messages. The functions include risk assessment，risk notification，personalized advice，risk tracking and reminders. The outcome indicators include risk perception，physiological indicators，lifestyle and behavior，psychological indicators，feasibility evaluation，decision correlation，doctor-patient communication，intention，risk score，and physician drug prescription. Conclusion The use of eHealth technology in risk communication of cardiovascular diseases has potential value in improving patients’ risk perception and promoting healthy behaviors. It is necessary to continuously improve the functions of eHealth technology and enhance its precision and intelligence，so as to better meet the needs of medical staff and patients and promote the efficient implementation of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.