Abstract:

Objective To deeply explore the illness perception experiences of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome（OSAS） based on the common-sense model of self-regulation（CSM），providing a basis for developing precise nursing intervention strategies. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was employed. Totally 17 OSAS inpatients from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing City were purposively sampled with maximum variation sampling for semi-structured interviews from August to October 2024. Interview data were analyzed and themes were extracted using Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological analysis method. Results Totally 3 core themes of disease perception in OSAS patients were identified，including cognitive disease manifestations（ambiguity，bias，and delayed coping in disease perception），emotional disease manifestations（heavy emotional burden and psychosocial distress），inadequate disease coping capacity（management challenges under multiple constraints）. Conclusion This study systematically revealed the tri-dimensional structure（cognitive-emotional-coping） of illness perception in OSAS patients within the CSM framework. Consequently，nursing interventions should prioritize personalized cognitive restructuring，emotion management techniques，and social support to enhance patients’ self-management efficacy and long-term prognosis.

Key words: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation, Illness Perception, Qualitative Research, Chronic Disease Care

摘要：

目的 基于自我调节常识模型（common-sense model of self-regulation，CSM）探索阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSAS）患者的疾病感知体验，为制订精准化护理干预策略提供依据。 方法 采用描述性质性研究方法，通过目的抽样法选取2024年8—10月在南京市某三级甲等医院住院的17例OSAS患者进行半结构式访谈，运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料处理并提炼主题。 结果 提炼出OSAS患者疾病感知的3大核心主题：认知型疾病表征——疾病认知模糊、偏差与延迟应对，情感型疾病表征——沉重的情绪负担与心理社会困扰，疾病应对能力不足——多重制约下的管理困境。 结论 该研究系统揭示了OSAS患者在CSM框架下的疾病感知三维结构（认知、情感、应对），提示护理干预应聚焦个性化认知矫正、情绪管理技术及社会支持，以提升患者的自我管理效能并改善其预后。

关键词: 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征, 自我调节常识模型, 疾病感知, 质性研究, 慢性病护理