Abstract:

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative frailty and short-term postoperative complications in elderly breast cancer patients. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 231 elderly breast cancer patients who underwent elective surgery in a tertiary care hospital in Beijing from July 2022 to December 2022. General information on elderly patients was collected and the frailty assessment was performed 1 day before surgery，and the occurrence of complications in elderly patients was followed up 30 days after surgery. Results Among the 214 elderly breast cancer patients，37 patients had complications within 30 days postoperatively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of complications at 30 days postoperatively was 5.532 times higher in elderly breast cancer patients with preoperative frailty than it in non-frail patients（P< 0.05）. Elder breast cancer patients with problems of decreased free movement，increased resistance/loss of endurance，and weight loss had a high risk of postoperative complications. Conclusion Preoperative frailty affects the occurrence of complications in elderly breast cancer patients within 30 days after surgery and suggests that nursing staff should strengthen perioperative health management for elderly breast cancer patients with preoperative frailty and actively prevent the occurrence and development of frailty.

Key words: Frailty, Aged, Breast Carcinoma, Postoperative Complications, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 探讨老年乳腺癌患者术前衰弱与术后短期并发症的关系。 方法 采用便利抽样的方法，选取2022年7月—12月在北京市某三级甲等医院行择期手术的231例老年乳腺癌患者作为调查对象。术前1 d收集患者的一般资料并对患者进行衰弱评估，于术后30 d追踪患者的并发症发生情况。 结果 214例老年乳腺癌患者完成随访，37例术后30 d内发生并发症。Logistic回归分析显示，术前衰弱的老年乳腺癌患者术后30 d内并发症发生风险是非衰弱患者的5.532倍（P<0.05）。存在自由活动下降、阻力增加/耐力减退和体重下降问题的老年乳腺癌患者术后并发症的发生风险较高。 结论 术前衰弱增加老年乳腺癌患者术后30 d内并发症的发生风险，提示应对术前衰弱的老年乳腺癌患者加强围手术期健康管理，积极预防衰弱的发生和发展。

关键词: 衰弱, 老年, 乳腺癌, 术后并发症, 护理