Abstract:

Objective To develop an expert consensus on comprehensive nursing care for cancer patients undergoing proton radiotherapy，providing standardized guidance for clinical nursing practice. Methods A consensus working group was established，and an initial draft was prepared based on a systematic review of relevant domestic and international literature. From May to August 2025，2 rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted with 23 experts from the fields of tumor clinical medicine，proton radiotherapy technology，tumor nursing，and nursing management. The draft was further refined through online expert review and finalization meetings，resulting in the final version of the consensus. Results The effective response rates for the 2 rounds of Delphi consultations were 95.65% and 100%，respectively. The Kendall’s coefficients of concordance were 0.719 and 0.945（both P<0.001）. In the second-round consultation，the mean importance rating of the consensus items was（4.77±0.59） points，with a full-score rate of 95.50% and a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.068 to 0.139. The expert authority coefficient was 0.896. The finalized consensus includes 4 sections，namely pre-proton radiotherapy nursing，nursing during proton radiotherapy，post-proton radiotherapy nursing，and pediatric proton radiotherapy nursing. Conclusion The consensus demonstrates both scientific rigor and practical applicability，and it can serve as an important reference for clinical nursing practice in proton radiotherapy.

Key words: Neoplasms, Proton Radiotherapy, Expert Consensus, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 制订肿瘤患者质子放疗全程护理专家共识（以下简称“共识”），为临床护理实践提供规范化指导。方法 成立“共识”制订小组，在系统回顾国内外文献的基础上拟订初稿。2025年5—8月，对来自肿瘤临床医疗、质子放疗技术、肿瘤临床护理或护理管理领域的23名专家进行2轮函询，并通过线上专家论证会及定稿会，形成“共识”终稿。结果 2轮函询的有效问卷回收率分别为95.65%、100%，专家意见的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.719和0.945（均P<0.001）。第2轮专家函询中，“共识”条目的重要性评分为（4.77±0.59）分，满分率为95.50%，变异系数为0.068~0.139，专家的权威系数为0.896。最终形成的“共识”包括质子放疗前护理、质子放疗中护理、质子放疗后护理和儿童质子放疗护理4个部分的内容。结论 “共识”具有一定的科学性和实用性，可为质子放疗相关临床护理实践提供参考。

关键词: 肿瘤, 质子放疗, 专家共识, 护理