Abstract:

Objective A scoping review of studies on pulmonary prehabilitation in cardiac surgery patients was conducted to provide evidence support for the construction of a preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program for cardiac surgery patients that suitable for China’s national conditions. Methods In accordance with the scope review’s research methodologies，databases including PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，CNKI and Wanfang were searched by the computer for relevant studies. The deadline for retrieval is from the establishment of databases to June，2024. The included literature was systematically analyzed. Results 26 articles were finally included. Among them，4 were quasi-experiment studies，while the other 22 were randomized controlled trials. Forms of the intervention included comprehensive breathing exercises，inspiratory muscle training，positive expiratory pressure，incentive spirometer training and balloon blowing training. The intervention initiation ranged from 10 weeks to 1 day preoperatively;the outcome measures included postoperative pulmonary complications，lung function metrics，the 6-Minute Walk Test，duration of mechanical ventilation，length of hospital stay，patient-reported outcomes and so on. Conclusion There remains a deficiency in standardized protocols for preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation training among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. High-quality studies should be conducted，and intervention strategies for pulmonary prehabilitation in cardiac surgery patients should be optimized and a unified evaluation standard system should be established.

Key words: Cardiac Surgery, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Scoping Review, Perioperative Nursing

摘要：

目的 对心脏外科手术患者术前肺康复训练的相关研究进行范围综述，为构建适合国内患者的术前肺部预康复护理方案提供循证支持。方法 以澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所范围综述指南为指导，计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网和万方数据库中的相关文献，检索时限为建库至2024年6月。对纳入文献进行系统分析。结果 共纳入26篇文献，4篇为类实验研究，22篇为随机对照研究。心脏外科术前肺康复训练形式包括综合性呼吸功能锻炼、吸气肌训练、呼气阻力训练、激励式肺活量计训练及吹气球训练;干预开始时间从术前10周到术前1天;结局指标包括术后肺部并发症、肺功能、6 min步行试验、机械通气时长、住院时长、患者自我报告结局等。 结论 心脏外科手术患者术前肺康复训练尚缺乏统一标准，未来应开展高质量研究，优化心脏外科手术患者肺部预康复干预策略并建立统一的评价标准。

关键词: 心脏外科, 肺康复, 范围综述, 围手术期护理