Abstract:

Objective We review the scope of relevant nurse staffing policies at home and abroad，compare and analyze their characteristics，in order to provide references for the nurse staffing in China. Methods We systematically searched pubmed，web of science，CNKI，Wanfang and relevant websites of government，policy and international organization. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the databases to September 30，2021. Results 15 policy papers from 8 countries/regions were eventually included. In terms of configuration reference indexes，China and Northern Ireland adopted the bed-to-nurse ratio，while other countries/regions adopted the nurse-to-patient ratio. The nursing staff skill mix mainly includes registered nurses and non-registered nurses，and the proportion of nursing staff is various in different countries. 3 countries/regions have stipulated the allocation of nurse staffing in the emergency department. The nursing staffing allocation of the emergency department in China is based on the general standard of bed-to-nurse ratio;referring to the nurse-to-patient ratio，California in the US and Victoria in Australia further refine the nursing staffing allocation of emergency departments based on the work area or shifts. 5 countries/regions stipulate the allocation of the nurse staffing in the intensive care unit （ICU）. The reference basis of the allocation is different，and the ratio of nurse to patient in departments of critical care medicine is the highest in China. Conclusion It is necessary to further improve our nursing staffing policy，give full play to the application value of the nursing staff skill mix，continue to improve the allocation plan of emergency and critical care departments，and promote the implementation of the nurse staffing policy.

Key words: Nurse Staffing, Nurse-To-Patient Ratio, Bed-To-Patient Ratio, Nursing Skill-Mix, Scoping Review, Nursing Administration Research

摘要：

目的 对国内外护理人力资源配置政策进行范围审查，为优化国内护理人力资源配置提供参考。 方法 系统检索各国政府网站、法令政策网站、国际组织网站，以及PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库中的相关研究。检索时限为建库至2021年9月。 结果 共纳入8个国家/地区的15篇政策文献。在配置参考指标上，中国与英国北爱尔兰均采用床护比，其他国家/地区采用护患比。在护理人员结构上主要包括注册护士和非注册护士两类，不同国家/地区的护理人员结构比例不同。3个国家/地区规定了急诊科护理人力资源配置，国内急诊科的配置按照床护比制订了通用标准，美国加州和澳大利亚维多利亚参考护患比，并根据工作区域或班次进一步细化了急诊科护理人力资源配置。5个国家/地区规定了重症监护室护理人力资源配置，配置参考依据不同，其中国内重症监护室的护患比最高。 结论 需进一步健全国内护理人力资源配置政策，丰富护理人员结构并充分发挥应用价值，继续完善急危重症科室的配置方案，推进护理人力资源配置政策的落实。

关键词: 护理人力资源配置, 护患比, 床护比, 护理人员结构, 范围综述, 护理管理研究