Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the role functions and potential impacts of non-relative witnesses in pre-hospital delay among stroke patients，providing a reference of future public science education in stroke. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases（CINAHL，Cochrane Library，Embase，PubMed，Web of Science，Wanfang Data，CNKI，and CBM）. The search time limit was updating from the establishment of the databases to March 19，2026. Results A total of 11 studies were included，of which 1 focused solely on decision delay；there were 8 quantitative studies and 3 qualitative studies. Non-relative witnesses mainly included friends，neighbors，acquaintances，colleagues，and residential staff. Their roles included symptom identification and risk assessment，information support and auxiliary decision-making，and emergency response and transfer assistance. Among them，9 studies mentioned that non-relative witnesses could promote timely medical treatment through correct responses，whereas incorrect handling could lead to delayed medical treatment. Conclusion Non-relative witnesses play a crucial role at the time of stroke onset，and they can act on all links of pre-hospital medical treatment. Improving their ability to identify stroke and respond appropriately can promote patients’ medical treatment. However，the current evidence is mainly based on observational studies，and there is a lack of intervention studies targeting non-relative witnesses. In the future，it is necessary to rely on new technologies such as simulation experiments to explore intelligent intervention strategies and effectiveness of public science popularization education，so as to provide new intervention focuses for reducing stroke-related mortality and disability.

Key words: Stroke, Non-Relative Witness, Pre-Hospital, Health-Seeking Delay, Scoping Review, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 对脑卒中患者院前就医延迟中非亲属目击者的角色功能及影响进行范围综述，为社区卫生服务中心医护人员开展公众科普教育提供借鉴。方法 系统检索CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统等中英文数据库，更新检索时限为建库至2026年3月19日。结果 共纳入11篇文献，1篇仅聚焦决策延迟；定量研究8篇，定性研究3篇。非亲属目击者角色包括朋友、邻居、熟人、同事、居住场所工作人员等；发挥的功能包括症状识别与风险评估、信息支持与辅助决策、紧急应对与协助转运；其中9篇文献提到非亲属目击者通过正确应对可促进及时就医，反之错误处理则会导致就医延误。结论 脑卒中发病时非亲属目击者角色非常关键，可作用于院前就医的各个环节，提高其脑卒中识别及应对处理能力，促进患者就医。但当前证据以观察性研究为主，未来社区卫生服务中心医护人员有必要依托仿真实验等新技术探索公众科普教育的智能干预策略及有效性，为降低脑卒中致死率和致残率提供新的干预着力点。

关键词: 脑卒中, 非亲属目击者, 院前, 就医延迟, 范围综述, 护理