Abstract:

Objective To understand the real-life experiences of body image distress in patients after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer and provide a basis for developing multidimensional clinical intervention plans. Methods Purposive sampling was used to select 15 patients with body image distress after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer from the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery at a tertiary Grade A hospital in Guangzhou between November 2025 and March 2026. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using directed content analysis. Results A total of 5 themes and 12 sub-themes were identified：sensory imbalance triggered by multiple bodily changes，emotional distress induced by impaired appearance and disease-related concerns，cognitive trade-offs and meaning reconstruction from a survival-priority perspective，behavioral adjustment dominated by defensive avoidance，relational burden aggravated by stigma and family responsibility. Conclusion Body image distress in patients after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer involves complex experiences，including sensory imbalance，emotional distress，cognitive trade-offs，limited behavioral adjustment，and relational burden. Healthcare professionals should pay greater attention to patients’ body image distress and develop multidimensional intervention strategies to promote gradual acceptance of bodily changes，alleviate body image distress.

Key words: Breast Neoplasms, Modified Radical Mastectomy, Body Image Distress, Qualitative Research, Nursing Care

摘要：

目的 了解乳腺癌改良根治术后患者身体意象困扰的真实体验，为临床制订多维度干预方案提供依据。方法 采用目的抽样法，于2025年11月—2026年3月选取广州市某三级甲等医院乳腺甲状腺外科的15例乳腺癌改良根治术后存在身体意象困扰的患者作为研究对象，采用半结构式访谈法收集资料，并运用定向内容分析法进行分析。结果 归纳出5个主题和12个亚主题，主题为多重躯体变化触发的感官失衡、外观受损与疾病担忧诱发的情绪困扰、生存优先导向的认知权衡与意义重建、防御性回避主导的行为调适、病耻感与家庭责任失衡的关系负担。结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后患者身体意象困扰涵盖感官失衡、情绪困扰、认知权衡、有限行为调适、关系负担等复杂体验。医护人员应重视患者的身体意象困扰，构建多维度干预方案，促进其逐步接纳身体变化，缓解身体意象困扰。

关键词: 乳腺癌, 改良根治术, 身体意象困扰, 质性研究, 护理