Abstract:

Objective To sort out the current status and compliance of nursing human resource allocation indicators in China，explore the existing problems，causes and countermeasures，and provide a reference for the scientific allocation of nursing human resources. Methods Based on the nursing human resource allocation indicators and their expected targets in the National Nursing Development Plan（2021-2025），relevant data were obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook，China Health Statistics Yearbook 2025，and other sources. Descriptive statistics，the Holt linear trend exponential smoothing model，Lorenz curve，and other methods were used to analyze the status and regional disparities of nursing human resource allocation indicators in China. Results The total number of registered nurses，the number of registered nurses per 1，000 population，and the number of registered nurses in primary medical institutions in China had met the expected targets. However，the physician-nurse ratio，the ratio of hospital-wide nurses to actually open beds，and the ratio of hospital ward nurses to actually open beds had not reached the expected targets. In 2024，the Gini coefficient of registered nurses per 1，000 population across 31 provinces was 0.371，and the Gini coefficient of registered nurses in primary medical institutions per 1，000 population was 0.312. Conclusion The total quantity of nursing human resources in China meets the targets，and nursing human resource allocation is relatively equitable at the provincial level. However，problems remain，such as insufficient scientificity in the prediction of nursing human resource supply and demand，and inadequate nursing human resource supply in the clinical frontlines of medical institutions. It is necessary to strengthen policy support，establish a dynamic measurement system for nursing human resource demand，optimize internal management of medical institutions，promote the transformation of nursing human resource allocation from “quantity compliance” to “demand adaptation”，thereby supporting the high-quality development of the nursing profession.

Key words: Nursing Human Resource Allocation, Total Number of Registered Nurses, Number of Registered Nurses per 1, 000 Population, Physician-to-Nurse Ratio, Bed-to-Nurse Ratio, Nurse-to-Patient Ratio, Nursing Administration Research

摘要：

目的 梳理国内护理人力资源配置的现状与达标情况，探究现存问题、原因及对策，为护理人力资源的科学配置提供参考。 方法 基于《全国护理事业发展规划（2021—2025年）》中护理人力资源配置指标及其预期目标，通过查询《中国统计年鉴》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2025》等获取相关数据，运用描述性统计、Holt线性趋势指数平滑模型、洛伦兹曲线等分析国内护理人力资源配置指标的情况及区域差异。 结果 国内注册护士总数、每千人口注册护士数、基层医疗机构注册护士数已达到预期目标；医护比、全院护士与实际开放床位比、全院病区护士与实际开放床位比未达预期目标。2024年31个省份每千人口注册护士数的基尼系数为0.371，每千人口基层医疗机构注册护士数的基尼系数为0.312。 结论 国内护理人力总量达标，省级层面护理人力资源配置相对公平，但仍存在人力供需预测的科学性不足、医疗机构临床一线的护理人力供给不足等问题，需强化政策保障、构建人力需求动态测算体系、优化医疗机构内部管理，推动护理人力资源从“数量达标”向“需求适配”转型，助力护理事业高质量发展。

关键词: 护理人力资源配置, 注册护士总数, 每千人口注册护士数, 医护比, 床护比, 护患比, 护理管理研究