早产儿母亲感知脆弱发展历程及心理体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.18.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索早产儿母亲感知脆弱的发展历程，并分析其在各阶段的心理体验，为早产儿母亲心理护理干预措施的制订提供借鉴。方法采用目的抽样法，选取2025年1—5月在河南省某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室住院的18名早产儿的母亲作为研究对象，进行半结构式访谈，采用Charmaz建构主义扎根理论进行资料分析。结果共提炼出3个一级主题、12个二级主题。①急性危机期：出院初期所面临的核心压力与感知脆弱（喜忧参半的复杂心情、母亲角色认同延迟、对专业护理指导的渴望、对未来的担忧）；②过渡适应期：照护能力提升与感知脆弱逐渐缓解（照护自信心的重塑、对家庭支持的感恩、对睡眠碎片化的无奈、对规范化用药指导的期望）；③持续平稳期：感知脆弱逐渐消减与新的养育信心（对事件的正向认知、照护获益感提升、对社交缺失的无助、对政策支持与医疗服务可及性的深切期待）。结论早产儿母亲感知脆弱是动态变化的，医护人员应依据其不同阶段的心理体验，有计划、持续性地提供个性化心理照护，帮助早产儿母亲度过这一艰难时期，从而提升整体照护质量。

关键词: 早产儿母亲, 感知脆弱, 心理体验, 质性研究, 新生儿护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the developmental process of perceived vulnerability in mothers of preterm infants and analyze their psychological experiences during different stages，in order to provide evidence for targeted nursing interventions. Methods Using purposive sampling，18 mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in a tertiary A hospital in Henan Province from January to May 2025 were selected as study participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed following the constructivist grounded-theory procedures outlined by Charmaz. Results A total of 3 primary themes and 12 sub-themes were generated. 1.Acute-crisis phase （immediate post-discharge）：core stress and perceived vulnerability，comprising mixed joy-and-anxiety mood，maternal-role deficiency，desire for professional guidance，and worry about the future. 2. Transitional-adaptation phase：gradual improvement in caregiving ability and easing of perceived vulnerability，encompassing rebuilding of caregiving confidence，gratitude for family support，frustration with fragmented sleep，and wish for standardised medication instructions. 3. Sustained-stability phase：continued reduction of perceived vulnerability coupled with new parenting confidence，including positive reappraisal of the event，increased sense of caregiving benefit，helplessness about of social isolation，and strong expectations for policy support and accessible services. Conclusion Perceived vulnerability in mothers of preterm infants is dynamic. Healthcare professionals should deliver planned，continuous and individualised psychological care grounded in the distinct experiences of each phase，thereby helping mothers navigate this difficult period and improving overall quality of care.

Key words: Mothers of Preterm Infants, Perceived Vulnerability, Psychological Experiences, Qualitative Research, Neonatal Care

黄艺凡, 崔璐璐, 陈静. 早产儿母亲感知脆弱发展历程及心理体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(18): 2532-2538.

HUANG Yifan, CUI Lulu, CHEN Jing. A qualitative study on the developmental process of perceived vulnerability and psychological experience in mothers of preterm infants[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(18): 2532-2538.

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