血液透析患者家庭照顾者负担的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.17.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对血液透析患者家庭照顾者负担的相关研究进行范围审查，旨在全面剖析该领域研究现状，为后续研究提供参考。方法采用范围综述报告框架，检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus、Embase，检索时限为建库至2025年3月29日，对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果共纳入25篇文献，其中21篇文献报告了家庭照顾者负担的得分/发生率，总体结果以轻至中度负担为主，涉及5种家庭照顾者负担的评估工具，影响因素包括人口学因素、疾病相关因素、社会心理因素、工作经济、照料相关因素和其他6个方面，干预方法包括同伴支持小组、5-A自我管理模式、健康行为教学、问题集中策略等。结论血液透析患者家庭照顾者负担问题普遍存在，受诸多因素影响，未来亟待开展多中心、大样本的纵向研究和以家庭为中心的干预研究，减少家庭照顾者负担带来的不良影响，提升患者治疗依从性与家庭照顾者身心健康水平。

关键词: 血液透析, 家庭照顾者, 负担, 范围综述, 循证护理学

Abstract:

Objective A scoping review of studies related to the burden on family carers of haemodialysis patients was conducted with the aim of comprehensively dissecting the current state of research in this area and informing subsequent studies. Methods A scope review reporting framework was used to search the CNKI，China Biomedical Literature Database，Vip Database，Wanfang Database，Chinese Medical Journal Full Text Database，PubMed，CINAHL，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Scopus，and Embase，with a timeframe for searching the database from its construction to 29 March 2025. The included literature was summarised and analysed. Results A total of 25 papers were included，of which 21 reported scores/incidence of family carer burden，with overall results dominated by mild to moderate burden，involving 5 tools for assessing family carer burden，influencing factors （including demographic，disease-related，psychosocial，economic social，caregiving factors） and 6 other aspects. Intervention covers peer support groups，the 5-A model of self-management，health behaviours teaching，problem-focused strategies，etc. Conclusion The burden of family caregivers of haemodialysis patients at home and abroad is a common problem，which is affected by many factors，and it is urgent to carry out multi-centre，large-sample longitudinal studies and family-centred intervention studies in the future，so as to reduce the adverse effects of the burden of family caregivers，and to improve the patients’ adherence to the treatment as well as the physical and mental health of the family caregivers.

Key words: Renal Dialysis, Family Caregiver, Burden, Scoping Review, Evidence-Based Nursing

李田田, 崔丽萍, 蔚玲, 王玲, 渠楠, 张扬, 张莉峰. 血液透析患者家庭照顾者负担的范围综述[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(17): 2165-2171.

LI Tiantian, CUI Liping, WEI Ling, WANG Ling, QU Nan, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Lifeng. Burden of family caregivers for hemodialysis patients：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(17): 2165-2171.

图/表 3

图1 文献筛选流程

Figure 1 Flow chart of literature screening

表1 纳入文献的基本信息（n=25）

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies（n=25）

表2 血液透析患者家庭照顾者负担的影响因素分类

Table 2 Classification of influencing factors to caregiver burden in family members of hemodialysis patients

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