护士组织支持感现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析护士组织支持感现状及潜在剖面，探讨不同类别护士组织支持感的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法，于2023年10月—12月选取广东省珠三角、粤北、粤东、粤西地区的1 860名护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、护士组织支持感量表、心理韧性量表进行调查。对护士组织支持感进行潜在剖面分析，采用单因素分析及多元Logistic回归分析不同剖面类别的影响因素。结果最终纳入1 819名护士，其组织支持感量表条目得分为（3.47±0.88）分。护士组织支持感可分为“贫乏型”（10.1%）、“平衡型”（44.4%）和“充盈型”（45.5%）3个潜在剖面。Logistic回归分析结果显示，聘用形式、医院等级、心理韧性是护士组织支持感的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论护士组织支持感处于中等偏上水平且存在异质性，可分为3个潜在剖面。护理管理者应重点关注组织支持感“贫乏型”和“平衡型”护士，根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素对护士进行干预，以提高其组织支持感水平。

关键词: 护士, 组织支持感, 潜在剖面分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current situation and latent profiles of nurses’ perceived organizational support，and explore the influencing factors of different types. Methods Through convenience sampling，a total of 1，860 nurses from the Pearl River Delta，Northern Guangdong，Eastern Guangdong and Western Guangdong regions of Guangdong Province were selected for the survey between October and December 2023. The demographic questionnaire，the Perceived Organizational Support Scale，and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used for investigation. The latent profiles of the nurses’ perceived organizational support，the influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by single-factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression. Results The score of the items of the perceived organizational support in 1，819 nurses is（3.47±0.88） scores. Nurses perceived organizational support is divided into 3 latent classes，namely “poor group”（10.1%），“balanced group”（44.4%），and “rich group”（45.5%）. The influencing factors include recruitment type，hospital level，and psychological resilience（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The perceived organizational support among nurses is moderately high and heterogeneous，which could be divided into 3 latent profiles. Nursing managers should focus on nurses from the poor group and balanced group and intervene with nurses according to the influencing factors of the different latent profiles to improve the level of nurses perceived organizational support.

Key words: Nurse, Perceived Organizational Support, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

蒲江锋, 王婉儿, 李格格, 谢章浩, 许怡璇, 詹宁静, 黄惠根. 护士组织支持感现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(3): 340-346.

PU Jiangfeng, WANG Waner, LI Gege, XIE Zhanghao, XU Yixuan, ZHAN Ningjing, HUANG Huigen. Study on the current situation and latent profile analysis of nurses’ perceived organizational support[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(3): 340-346.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及组织支持感3个潜在剖面的单因素分析结果[n=1 819，名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Single factor analysis of 3 latent profiles of nurses’ general information and perceived organizational support[n=1 819，case（percentage，%）]

表2 护士组织支持感潜在剖面模型拟合指标

Table 2 Potential categories of nurse’s perceived organizational support

图1 护士组织支持感3个潜在剖面的特征分布

Figure 1 The characteristic distribution of 3 potential categories of nurse’s perceived organizational support

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 护士组织支持感潜在剖面的多元Logistic回归分析结果（n=1 819）

Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of nurse’s perceived organizational support（n=1 819）

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